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BUREAU OF MINES 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 



Characterization of the 1 986 
Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



Information Circular 9193 



Characterization of the 1 986 
Metal and Nonmetal Mining 
Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
T S Ary, Director 










Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 



Butani, Shail J. 






Characterization of the 1986 metal and nonmeta] 


mining workforce. 


(Information circular ; 9193) 






Bibliography: p. 7 






Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9193 






1. Miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann W 


. II. Tide. 


Ill Series: Information 


circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9193. 






TN23.U43 622 s 331.7'622'0973 88- 


600141 


HD8039.M61U44 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

Acknowledgments 2 

Survey methodology 2 

Population 2 

Sample 3 

Data collection 3 

Data coding, entering, and editing 3 

Estimation procedures 3 

Grouping of characteristics 4 

Job title and principal equipment operated 4 

Employment size class 4 

Present job, present company, and total mining 

experience 4 

Job-related training during last 2 years 4 

Age 4 

Reliability of estimates 4 

Validation of estimates 5 



Page 

Summary of major findings 5 

Application of data for inj ury analyses 7 

Recommendations for future work 7 

References 7 

Appendix A. — Metal and nonmetal mining industry 

job title grouping 8 

Appendix B. — Metal and nonmetal mining industry 

equipment operated grouping 11 

Appendix C. — Estimation procedures 13 

Appendix D. — Reliability of estimates: random group 

variance technique 14 

Appendix E. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 

workforce estimates 15 

Appendix F. — Mining industry population survey 

letters and questionnaire 49 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

1. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 

2. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 7 

3. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 7 



TABLES 



1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 2 

2. Demographics survey response status: 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 3 

Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates— 

E-l. Employment size class, by type of ore mined 15 

E-2. Job title, by type of ore mined 15 

E-3. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 16 

E-4. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined 16 

E-5. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 17 

E-6. Training received, by type of ore mined 18 

E-7. Age distribution, by type of ore mined 18 

E-8. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 19 

E-9. Job title, by employment size class 19 

E-10. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 20 

E-ll. Work location at mine, by employment size class 20 

E-12. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 21 

E-13. Training received, by employment size class 22 

E-14. Age distribution, by employment size class 22 

E-15. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 23 

E-16. Job title, by principal equipment operated 24 

E-17. Job title, by work location at mine 25 

E-18. Job title, by years of experience at job 26 

E-19. Job title, by years of experience at company 26 

E-20. Job title, by years of mining experience 27 

E-21. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 27 

E-22. Job title, by years of age 28 

E-23. Job title, by sex 28 

E-24. Job title, by race 29 

E-25. Job title, by education 29 

E-26. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 30 



TABLES — Continued 

Page 

E-27. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 30 

E-28. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 31 

E-29. Principal equipment operated, by sex 31 

E-30. Principal equipment operated, by race 32 

E-31. Principal equipment operated, by education 33 

E-32. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 34 

E-33. Training received, by work location 35 

E-34. Age distribution, by work location 35 

E-35. Sex, race, and education, by work location 36 

E-36. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 37 

E-37. Experience at job, by years of age 38 

E-38. Experience at job, by sex 38 

E-39. Experience at job, by race 39 

E-40. Experience at job, by education 39 

E-41. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 40 

E-42. Experience at company, by years of age 41 

E-43. Experience at company, by sex 42 

E-44. Experience at company, by race 42 

E-45. Experience at company, by education 42 

E-46. Age, by education 43 

E-47. Age, race, and education, by sex 43 

E-48. Age and education, by race 44 

Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 

E-49. Employment size class, by type of ore mined 44 

E-50. Job title, by type of ore mined 45 

E-51. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 45 

E-52. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined 46 

E-53. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 46 

E-54. Training received, by type of ore mined 47 

E-55. Age, by type of ore mined 47 

E-56. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 48 



CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 

WORKFORCE 



By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 



ABSTRACT 

In 1986, the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining 
Industry Population Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; 
principal equipment operated; work location at the mine; present job, present company, 
and total mining experience; job-related training during the last 2 yr; age; sex; race; 
and education. The population estimates are necessary to properly analyze the Mine 
Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness and fatality data) 
statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations in 
order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. metal and nonmetal 
mining (includes metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal industries) workforce 
from March through September 1986. A companion report, Information Circular (IC) 
9192, "Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce," provides similar infor- 
mation for the U.S. coal mining industry. 

1 Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 

2 Statistical assistant. 

Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 



INTRODUCTION 



According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) 
statistics published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil 
and gas extraction) always has had one of the highest injury 
incidence rates among the major industry divisions. One of the 
primary objectives of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct 
research in the area of health and safety of the nation's miners, 
aimed at reducing the incidence rate of work-related injuries 
(includes illnesses and fatalities) in the domestic mining 
industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence rate, the 
Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations of 
the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence 
rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups, information about the 
injured workers and about the entire workforce is required. 
Present regulations permit MSHA to collect information on all 
mine injuries requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base 
containing various characteristics on the injured workforce is 
available. Since similar information about the entire workforce 
was not available, the Bureau conducted a probability sample 
survey called the Mining Industry Population Survey (MIPS), 
also known as the demographics survey, to collect the neces- 
sary data. The 1986 survey measured the following character- 
istics: job title or occupation, principal equipment operated, 
work location at mine, experience at present job, experience at 
present company, total mining experience, job-related training 
during the last 2 yr, age, sex, race, and education. This 
demographics survey provided information about the popula- 
tion at risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous 
segments of the population, as illustrated by the following 
example. 

Throughout this report, unless otherwise stated, the term 
metal and nonmetal mining industry includes the metal, stone, 
sand and gravel, and nonmetal industries; this is the standard 
terminology used by MSHA. From MSHA's metal and non- 
metal injury data base, it is known that 8,890 males and 177 
females working in the U.S. metal and nonmetal mining 
industry were injured in 1986. If information about the 
population at risk (i.e., the number of male and female 
workers for the metal and nonmetal industry in 1986) is not 



known, then it is not valid to draw the conclusion that male 
miners are at a much higher injury risk than female miners. 
The estimates from the demographics survey show that there 
were a total of 167,245 male workers and 11,522 female workers 
(table E-23) employed in U.S. metal and nonmetal mining in 
1986. Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by 
occupation or job title consists of 161,883 males and 4,523 
females (table E-8). The reason for excluding office workers 
from the analysis is to account for some of the obvious 
difference in job risk. It should be noted that in the office 
worker category, only 3 pet are males and 61 pet are females 
(table E-23). The added information on the population puts 
the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1. 





Table 1.— Population and injury statistics for 
1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 




Population statistics Injury statistics 






Workers pet Injuries pet Lost workdays 


pet 


Male 

Female . 




161,883 97.3 8,890 98.0 129,595 
... 4,523 2.7 177 2.0 2,294 


98.3 
1.7 


Total- 




... 166,406 100.0 9,067 100.0 131,889 


100.0 



Since the difference between the population and injury as 
well as lost workdays distribution is relatively large, it would be 
interesting to further investigate the source of variation. Could 
it be due to variations in the job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That 
is, the collected information will be used to compare and 
contrast the demographics composition of the hazardous 
groups with those of the safer groups. Thus, through present 
research, the differences and similarities between the two 
groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. metal and 
nonmetal mining population estimates for March through 
September 1986 by various characteristics. This information 
is essential to performing the injury data analysis that is the 
ultimate goal of the survey. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of 
Labor, MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package 
to the Office of Management and Budget for its clearance to 
collect the data. Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public 



affairs specialist. Office of Information and Public Affairs, 
MSHA, for initiating the study, and to Edwin Thomasson, 
research liaison officer, Technical Support, MSHA, for his 
continuous effort and support. 



SURVEY METHODOLOGY 



POPULATION 

The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite 
coal (SIC 3 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 
101-106, 109, 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and 
gravel (SIC 144), and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 
299) mining industries of the United States during the period 



3 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the 
industry group numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 



March through September 1986. This report gives estimates 
only for the metal and nonmetal (noncoal) mining sector; IC 
9192 gives estimates for the 1986 coal mining sector. 

The information pertaining to the mine employees in- 
cluded in the survey was collected through the mine operators, 
because a comprehensive sampling frame (name and address 
file) of the workers in mine establishments was not available, 
and cost considerations prohibited the data collection through 
personal visits. The number of universe units (establishments 
under MSHA's jurisdiction) covered by the scope of this survey 



was approximately 18,350, with a total employment level of 
about 350,000. The number of establishments and employ- 
ment for the metal and nonmetal mining was about 10,600 and 
190,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the employees 
covered by the survey is the same as that of the data collected 
by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, illnesses, 
and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics 
reported on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 
30 CFR 50). 

SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its 
use of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary 
sampling units (first stage) were the mine establishments; the 
secondary sampling units were employees within each of the 
chosen mine establishments. The characteristics used to strat- 
ify the primary units were the industry (anthracite coal, 
bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and gravel, nonmetal); 
mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); employment 
size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 500-999, 1,000 and 
above); and status code (active, intermittent). Since the first 
three stratification characteristics are highly correlated with 
the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample 
design and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The 
fourth characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonre- 
sponse adjustment could be made within more homogenous 
groups. This is desirable because proportionately higher num- 
bers of nonmailable, out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses 
are reported from intermittent mine establishments than from 
active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
preliminary address and employment file maintained by 
MSHA. A probability sample of 2,232 metal and nonmetal 
(noncoal) mining establishments from a universe of 10,612 
metal and nonmetal establishments was selected by stratifying 
the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
systematic sampling procedure with a common random start 
for each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. 
For larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure 
placed all of the establishments on the frame in the sample as 
primary sampling units from which the employees were sub- 
sampled at a low frequency rate. As employment size class 
decreased, smaller and smaller proportions of the establish- 
ments were included as primary sampling units, but the 
employees within the establishments were subsampled at a 
higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. 
In order to limit the response burden for any one establish- 
ment, a maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment 
was selected. 

DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 
1986 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities 
(MN) Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, 
followup letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of 
Management and Budget clearance number authorizing cot 
lection of the data are included in appendix F. 



Table 2 gives a summary of the results for the metal and 
nonmetal mining sector from the original and followup mail- 
ings, as well as from telephone calls to the nonrespondents. 

Table 2.— Demographics survey response status: 
1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 

Overall Usable 

Industry Population Sample res P onse l ^°^ res P° nse 

No. pet No. pet 

Metal 617 220 211 96 176 138 78 

Stone 3,373 852 734 86 794 627 79 

Sand and gravel 5.579 863 810 94 734 646 88 

Nonmetal 1,043 297 282 95 256 219 86 

Total 10,612 2,232 2,037 91 1,960 1,630 83 

1 Nonrespondents + usables + refusals + unusables (excludes out-of- 
businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new busi- 
nesses under construction). 

A brief description of the response terms follows: 
Response code Description 

Nonrespondent Received no response from the 

establishment. 

Usable Establishment provided usable data. 

Refusal Establishment refused to provide any 

data. 
Unusable Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 
Nonmailable Establishment's address was either 

insufficient or wrong. 
Duplicate Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 
Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 

closed. 
New business Establishment was in development 

stage. 
Temporary inactive... Establishment was temporarily not 

operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of 
the data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents 
were called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respon- 
dents that had initially refused to participate in the survey were 
contacted by phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respon- 
dents ultimately supplied data. Adjustments for those mine 
establishments that did not supply the data, or supplied partial 
data, are explained in the "Estimation Procedures" section 
and in appendix C. 

DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and 
editing process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differ- 
ences among the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure 
consistency of coding among the individual worker entries, (3) 
ensure the accuracy of the data entry, and (4) ensure compat- 
ibility of occupation and equipment coding with the MSHA 
accident data base. 

ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled 
with the same sampling ratio. To derive the population esti- 
mates, the sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse 



of the sampling ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the 
data for this demographics study were collected using a 
complex survey design. Hence, the data for each worker, the 
ultimate sampling unit, were not equally weighted. Instead, the 
population estimates were derived by weighting data for each 
worker with the appropriate final weight of the data, which 
was the product of the following three factors: (1) the inverse 
of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling unit 
(establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum 
and assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to 
account for those establishments in that stratum that did not 
respond; and (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which 
the secondary sampling units (workers) were selected. A 
detailed discussion of the different weights and estimation 
formulas are given in appendix C. In statistical terms, the 
survey's estimates of the population total were based on a 
Horvitz-Thompson estimator (V). 4 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That 
is, the characteristics that were left blank by the respondents 
were coded as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by 
their appropriate final weight in computing the population 
estimates. The percentage unspecified for a particular charac- 
teristic gives the user an indication of the completeness of the 
schedules. 

GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the charac- 
teristics mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the 
detailed data were combined into groups. Please contact the 
authors to obtain detailed data or a different grouping of the 
data for any or all of the characteristics. 

Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each 
of these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries 
were combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title 
or principal equipment operated and number of workers in 
each entry were two of the main criteria used in forming the 
groups. 

Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard 
size class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very 
few mines for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, 
the estimates for this class were computed separately and then 
were combined with the estimates for employment size class 
500 through 999 in order to protect the confidentiality of the 
mines as well as the workers. The combined size class is labeled 
as 500+ . 

Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 
Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded 
only as the number of years. It was felt that data were not 
reliable enough to be accurate to the month. The groupings 
were formed to be as compatible as possible to the groupings 
used by MSHA for its injury statistics. 



4 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding 
the appendixes at the end of this report. 



Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect 
the definite and logical intervals that various mine operators 
employ and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. 
The most frequently reported number was 16 h for training 
during the last 2 yr; this is because MSHA requires a minimum 
training of 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are 
interested in knowing the percent of workers who receive no 
training. Hence, both and 16 h were categorized separately. 

Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same 
as what MSHA uses for its accident statistics. 



RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 2: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are 
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling 
errors occur because observations are made on a sample, 
not on the entire population. Estimates based on the 
different possible samples of the same size and sample 
design could differ. Nonsampling errors in the estimates 
can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to 
obtain information about all cases in the sample, mis- 
takes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
difficulties, etc. 
Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a 
sample survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms 
underwent a very comprehensive review and edit process. This 
was primarily done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation 
(CV's), which are a measure of the sampling errors in the 
estimates, can be estimated from the survey data. CV's were 
calculated for the basic characteristics as part of the survey 
estimation process; these CV's as well as the corresponding 
estimates for number of workers are given in tables E-49 
through E-56. The CV's for other estimates can also be 
derived if requested. The methodology used to compute the 
estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to 
the standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the 
estimate (J). In other words, it is a measure of relative 
variation. Because the survey data will be used by numerous 
researchers to measure different statistics (e.g., totals, means, 
medians, percentages) by various cross-classification catego- 
ries, it was not feasible to use the exact formula for the 
standard error estimates. Hence, a generalized formula that 
approximated the exact formula and that was easy to imple- 
ment for computing all the standard error estimates was 
developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard devia- 
tion, and standard error estimates computed by the software 
packages are no longer valid because they are based on simple 
random sample design. The reliability measures for this survey 
were computed by employing a random group variance tech- 
nique. A brief description of it is given in appendix D and a 
detailed discussion is given in reference 4. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this 
report is to define the confidence interval or range that would 
include the comparable complete coverage value. For example, 
the total number of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 metal 
and nonmetal industry was 20,830 (table E-2 and E-50) with 



a CV of 3.5 pet (table E-50). Based on this information, the 
standard error on the total number of truck drivers is 729 
(estimate xCV = 20,830 x 0.035) and the 95-pct confidence 
interval is 19,372 to 22,288 (20,830 ± 2 x 729). This means 
that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the interval 
19,372 to 22,288 includes the total number of metal and 
nonmetal truck drivers that would have been obtained from a 
census of the frame. 

It should be noted that normally the variance (square of 
the standard error) of a total pertaining to the combined four 
industries would be equal to the sum of the variances for each 
industry since the four industries were sampled independently. 
That is, the variance for the total number of truck drivers for 
the entire metal and nonmetal mining industry would be equal 
to the sum of the variances for the truck drivers in metal, 
stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal mining industries. 
However, this methodology was not employed to compute the 
variance estimates for the combined four industries, instead, 
even for this estimate, the random group variance technique as 
described in appendix D was employed. This was primarily 
done, as mentioned previously, because the survey data will be 
used by numerous researchers to measure different statistics 
(other than totals) such as means, medians, percentages, etc., 
and for these statistics the variance for the combined four 
industries will not be the simple sum of the variances for each 
industry. Hence, for reasons of consistency and simplicity the 
random group variance estimator was used to compute all 
variances and thus CV estimates. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger 
the variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the 
nonresponse, the less reliable the estimate may be. As men- 
tioned earlier, nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling 
error. This error occurred more frequently for estimates of 
job-related training during the last 2 yr and total mine 
experience than for other variables because conceptually these 
variables are harder to report. Moreover, it is possible that the 
training estimates might be somewhat biased because many 
respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of hours 
required by MSHA over a 2-yr period. 

VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry spe- 
cialists. Additionally, the total employment for each industry 
was compared to an independent census conducted by MSHA, 
the results of which are reported in references 5 through 9. The 
injury experience reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality 
data reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 and employment data 
reported on form 7000-2. While the data base used to compile 
the statistics for these reports contains detailed information for 
the injured victims, it does not contain similar information for 
the entire workforce. The breakdown of total employment is 
available only by type of ore mined, employment size class, 
and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted so that 
MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from 
the two sources differed about 8 pet for metal and nonmetal 
(metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal) mining industry, 



with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the 
demographic survey. The difference in the estimates is caused 
in part by differences in reporting, coverage period, defini- 
tions, and methodology as explained below for data compar- 
ison by employment size class and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment 
size class, the differences between the numbers in table E-l of 
this report and MSHA data, as stated in tables 4 of references 
5, 6, and 8, and in table 3 of reference 7, are substantial. This 
is mainly due to the differences in definition and methodology. 
The MIPS classification is based on total employment of an 
establishment as it existed when the respondents filled out the 
questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
basis and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to 
be broken into a maximum of four different work location; 
hence, each establishment may have up to 16 different employ- 
ment figures. 

Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
employment of four quarters and not on the total employment 
of an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For 
example, if an establishment's annual average employment is 
60, but the employment for the primary subunit, say under- 
ground, is 15, then the establishment per MSHA's methodol- 
ogy is in size class 1 through 19, whereas according to the 
MIPS procedure it is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this 
reason the average employment per operation as stated in table 
4 of reference 6 is 6.7 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that 
MSHA classification overestimates the employment in smaller 
size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in 
references 5 through 9 by size class should not be analyzed 
against the MIPS employment size class data. Instead, the 
analyst needs to retabulate the MSHA injury data from the 
original data tapes so that the size class definition corresponds 
to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment 
reported to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for 
each work location (maximum of four). Generally, this type of 
reporting results in gross approximations in the breakdown of 
variables such as employment. For the MIPS data, the work 
location was reported for each worker in the sample, in the 
same manner as it is reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 for 
each injured worker. It should be noted that the data on work 
location for individual workers is known with more specificity 
than for the whole population. Hence, it is appropriate to 
analyze the survey work location data with MSHA injury 
statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The 
MIPS underestimated the number of employees in this cate- 
gory because many respondents assumed that these workers 
very seldom incur injuries and therefore were not to be 
reported. For the purposes of accident analysis, the office 
workers are to be excluded because of the obvious difference in 
the injury risk. Hence, the difference in counts of office 
workers does not make any difference. 



SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 



The findings of the survey by various cross classifications 
are given as estimates in tables E-l through E-48; tables E-49 
through E-56 give reliability estimates for the basic character- 



istics and a detailed discussion of their use is given in the 
reliability of the estimates section. If desired, the estimates by 
some other classification criteria including more detailed 



estimates (e.g., distribution of workers by age and experience 
at present company in the stone industry working at the plant 
or mill location) can be derived from the original data base. 
The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for the 1986 metal and 
nonmetal industry was approximately 179,800. The 
breakdown of this employment by the four industry 
types was as follows: 35,900 in metal, 73,400 in stone, 
37,100 in sand and gravel, and 33,400 in nonmetal 
(table E-l). The data also indicate that only 10 pet of 
the metal workforce and 23 pet of the nonmetal work- 
force were employed in establishments with 49 or less 
employees as compared with 48 and 93 pet for stone, 
and sand and gravel, respectively. That is, stone, and 
sand and gravel establishments tend to be smaller in size 
than metal and nonmetal establishments. 

• Of the total 1986 metal and nonmetal industry work- 
force, mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist was the largest 
category of workers with 16 pet employment, plant 
operator-warehouseman made up another 15 pet, truck 
driver constituted 12 pet, and the laborer-miner-utility 
man category was 11 pet (table E-2). Each of the 
remaining occupation groupings had fewer than 10 pet 
of the employees. 

• The distribution of the metal and nonmetal industry 
workforce was underground mine, 5 pet; surface at 
underground mine, 2 pet; surface mine, 47 pet; plant or 
mill, 35 pet; and office, 10 pet (table E-4). Also, the 
employment distribution for the four nonoffice work 
locations differed vastly by industry. 

• Distribution of the workers by job title varied greatly 
according to the employment size class (table E-9). This 
was especially true for the following job title groupings: 
front-end loader-forklift operator; manager- foreman- 
supervisor (general); mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist; 
and truck driver. For example, in the employment size 
class 1-19, front-end loader-forklift operators made up 
17 pet of the total employment while in the 250-499 and 
500 + employment size classes, this figure was 2 and 1 
pet, respectively. Only 7 pet of the workers in the 
employment size class 1-19 belonged to the job title 
category of mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist compared 
with 23 and 25 pet for employment size classes 250-499 
and 500 + , respectively. 

• Median experience at the present company ranged from 
5 yr for truck drivers to 13 yr for manager- foreman- 
supervisor (working) (table E-19). 

• Mean hours of training during the last 2 yr was highest 
(56) for electrician-lampman category (table E-21). 

• Of the female employees, 61 pet had the job title 
category of office worker, compared with 3 pet of the 
males (table E-23). 

• Median experience at the present job is about 5 yr for 
all five locations (table E-32). The median experience at 
the present company and at total mining, however, is 
lower for workers at the surface mine location than for 
the workers at the other three nonoffice work locations. 

The following findings are based on data that exclude the 
job title category of office worker. 

• The single largest category of equipment operated was 
handtools (powered and nonpowered) with 16 pet 
(table E-3). This category was followed closely by 
equipment categories none, plant equipment, and truck 
(haulage) with 15, 14, and 13 pet, respectively. 



• The median experience at present job, present com- 
pany, and total mining were 5, 8, and 10 yr, respectively 
(table E-5). 

• Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was 35 h 
for workers in the sand and gravel industry, versus 43, 
44, and 48 h for workers in the metal, nonmetal, and 
stone industries, respectively (table E-6). 

• Mean age was about 40 yr for workers in all four 
industries (table E-7). 

• Males made up 97 pet of the metal and nonmetal 
industry workforce (table E-8). Note that the 97-pct 
figure excludes the unspecified category. 

• Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 82, 7, and 8 
pet, respectively, of the workforce (table E-8). The 
remaining 3 pet workers belonged either to another race 
or were unspecified. 

• Of those workers whose education was specified, 73 pet 
had a high school or better education (table E-8). Note 
that this figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers 
in the categories high school diploma, vocational di- 
ploma, some college, and college degree, and (2) divid- 
ing this sum by the total number of workers minus the 
workers in unspecified category. In this case, it is 
113,403 divided by 154,319. 

• The median experience at present job, company, and at 
total mining either increased or stayed the same with the 
increase in the employment size class (table E-l 2). 

• The distribution of the equipment operated varied 
considerably between the males and females. This was 
especially true for the principal equipment categories 
front-end loader-forklift, handtools, scale-lab 
equipment-controls, truck (haulage), and none (table 
E-29). For example, scale-lab equipment-controls was 
the principal equipment operated category for 31 pet of 
the females compared with only 4 pet for males. 
Handtools was the largest principal equipment operated 
category for males (17 pet) but for females this category 
was only 3 pet. 

• There was a higher percentage of employees with at 
least a high school education under the age of 40 than 
there were of age 40 and over (table E-46 and figure 1); 
proportionately more females had a high school or 
higher education than males (table E-47 and figure 2); 
education by race (table E-48) is shown in figure 3. 



77 pet 



81 pet 83 pct 82 P«* 81 pet 



70 pct 



58 pct 



15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 

AGE, yr 

Figure 1 .—Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
workforce with at leasi a high school diploma, by age (excludes 
job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
education is unspecified). 





84 pet 


73 pet 











76 pet 








52 pet 










41 pet 







HALE 



FEMALE 



WHITE 



BLACK 



HISPANIC 



Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex (excludes 
job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
education is unspecified). 



Figure 3.— Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 
workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race (excludes 
job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 
education is unspecified). 



APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 



The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis 
for— 

1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA metal and nonmetal injury 
statistics and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting 
higher or lower than average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic loca- 
tion such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or 
States and performing injury data analyses. 

3. Producing some selected estimates by SIC code such as 
iron, copper, lead-zinc, etc., and performing injury data 
analyses. 



4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that 
would be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, 
especially in the area of targeting injury prevention and 
training efforts. 

The results from these analyses, which encompass all 
facets of mining operations, can help identify areas where 
research efforts should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety 
improvements, thus preventing creation of unnecessary regu- 
lations or crash research programs that tend to waste funds. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 



1. After the injury analyses. are performed, and the 
hazardous areas or subpopulations have been identified, it 
would be desirable to further investigate their problems and 
needs. This can be accomplished by conducting some special 
surveys such as an equipment use survey, maintenance-related 
work survey, small mines survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses 
periodically, say every 3 to 5 yr, in order to study the changing 



mining environment and its impact on mining safety and 
productivity. When the survey is repeated, it is recommended 
that modifications be made to the questionnaire to reflect new 
needs. It is also recommended that the collection of total mine 
experience and job-related training data be eliminated, since 
these variables are conceptually very hard to measure. Also, 
the variables experience on the job and experience with the 
company should be measured in years only. 



REFERENCES 



1. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 428 
pp. 

2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Injuries and 
Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

3. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample 
Survey Methods and Theory. Wiley, 1953, 638 pp. 

4. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- 
Verlag, 1985, 440 pp. 

5. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience 
in Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 



6. 



.. Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 



1987, 450 pp. 

7. Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 

8. Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 

9. Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 

1987, 390 pp. 



APPENDIX A.— METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 



Description 



Job title code 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 

Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 

Blaster 807 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 

Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 

Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 

Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 

224, 327, 386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 
874, 997, 1013, 1055 
Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 

Maintenance 418 

Working 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 

Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594 

920, 921, 930, 965, 998, 1014 

Office worker 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 

Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 

Stone cutter-finisher 398, 399 

Truck driver 376, 776 



Code 



Description 



28 Scoop tram operator 

29 Mucking machine operator 

33 Driller helper, underground 

34 Exploration driller, underground 

Longhole driller, underground 

Prospect driller, underground 

Diamond driller, underground 

36 Continuous miner operator 

38 Cutting machine operator 

39 Hand loader 

Trammer 
45 Hangup man 

Rockman 

Raise blaster 

Chute blaster 

Rock handler 
46 Pinner 

Truss bolter 

Rock bolter 

Roof trimmer 

Roof man 

Scaler operator 

Roof bolter 
53 Nipper 

Utility man 

57 Stope miner 

58 DXC miner 

Drift miner 

59 Raise miner 

158 Rock machine operator, underground 

216 Trackman 

224 Trainees, underground 



Code 


Description 


269 


Chute puller, underground 




Locomotive operator 




Car loader, underground 




Whistle punk, underground 


316 


Service truck operator 




Laborer 




Track gang, surface 




Surface worker 




Utility man, surface 




Pumper, surface 




Tamping machine operator 


320 


Cage attendant, surface 




Aerial tram — outside only 


327 


Surface miner 


333 


Driller helper 


334 


Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 




Wagon drill operator, surface 




Churn driller, surface 




Rotary drill operator 




JP drill operator, surface 




Air-track driller, outside only 


367 


Backhoe operator 




Power shovel operator 




Pitman 


368 


Dozer operator 




Track operator helper, surface 




Tractor operator, surface 


372 


Deckhand 




Dredge operator 




Barge attendant 




Barge loader 




Boat operator 



Code Description 

373 Car dropper 

374 Storekeeper 

Blunger 

Process operator 

Sandbox operator 

Mill operator 

Reagent operator 

Car loader, surface 

Warehouseman 

Shipping 

Media operator 

Breakerman 

Crusher operator 

Sewing machine operator 

Boney preparation plant operator 

Packaging 

Cleaning plant operator 

Truck loader 

Bagger-baler 

Preparation plant operator 

Cobber 

375 Grader operator, surface 

376 Truck driver, surface 

378 Dragline operator 

Dropball operator 

Crane operator, surface 
379 Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 Fine coal plant operator 

382 Loader operator 

Front-end loader operator, surface 

Pan operator 

Scraper operator 

Highlift operator 

Payloader operator 

385 Lampman 

386 Refuse truck driver 

387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 

388 Separator operator 

Scalper 

Shaker operator 

Screen operator 

389 Forklift operator 

390 Silo operator 

392 Washery operator 

Topman 

Skip dumper 

Binman 

Scrubber operator 

Tipple operator-attendant 
393 Scaleperson 

Weighman-weighmaster 

394 Carpenter 

395 Water truck operator 

396 Watchman 

Security guard 
398 Sawyer 

Stone finishing 

399 Dimension stone cutter-polisher 

402 Master electrician 

404 Master mechanic 



Code Description 

414 Laboratory assistant 

Analyst 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 

Quality control 

Dust sampler 

Emission control specialist 
418 Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 

423 Surveyor 

430 Assistant mine manager 

Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
449 Mine owner 

Assayers 

President 

General foreman 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 
456 Engineer 

Metallurgist-Geologist 

Chemist 

464 Inspector 

481 Superintendents 

Project managers 

Coordinators 

Supervisors 

489 Outside foreman 

494 Plant manager 

Mill manager 

Plant foreman 

Mill foreman 
495 Safety coordinator 

Safety manager 

Safety director 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety engineer 
497 Office help 

Computer operator 

Controller 

Clerk 

593 Nurse 

594 Training specialist 

601 Conveyor man 

Belt walker 

Belt installer 

Tunnel worker 

Tailpiece man 

Belt mover 

Mobile bridge carrierman 

Beltman 
602 Lineman 

Electrician 

603 Electrician helper 

604 Fueler 

Boilermaker 

Plumber 

Pipefitter 

Boiler operator 

Pipe man 

Boiler trainee 

Mechanic 

Repairman 

Millwright 



10 



Code Description 

605 Mechanic helper 

608 Mason 

609 Supplyman 

Material man 
616 Rock picker 

Parts runner 

Groundman 

Unit helper 

Bathhouse attendant 

Pointman 

Laborer 

Slate picker 

Roustabout 

Extra man 
624 Trainees 

Apprentice 
663 Ledgeman 

Quarry man 

Miner, not elsewhere classified 

Shaft miner 

Probeman 
710 Propman 

Timberman 
716 Cement man 

Form man 

Grizzly tender 
728 Gizmo operator 

Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
749 .....Shift boss 

Foreman-leadman 

Bullgang foreman 

Labor foreman 

Section boss-foreman 

768 Heavy equipment operator 

775 Grader operator, underground 

776 Truck driver, underground 

778 Cherry picker 

Crane operator, underground 

Dragline operator, underground 

Backhoe operator, underground 

Gradall operator 

782 Front-end loader operator, underground 

807 Chargeman 

Shot firer 

Powder man 

Blaster 

Airdox operator 

Loading hole shooter 

Powder monkey 



Code Description 

825 Bobcat operator 

850 Ramcar operator 

Shuttle car operator 
Buggy operator 

874 Mine equipment operator 

920 Cager 

921 Hoist operator 

Hoist engineer 
Shaftman 

930 Skip tender 

957 Scraper operator 

962 Car runner, surface 

Trip rider 
Brakeman 
Flagman 
Car rider 
Conductor 

965 Dispatcher 

969 Swamper 

Motorman 
Switchman 

985 Heavy equipment operator, surface 

Mobile equipment operator, surface 

996 Feeder man 

997 General or many equipment operator 

998 Janitor 

Bag stenciler 

Prospector 

Painter 

1012 Belt repairman 

Belt vulcanizer 

1013 Cleanup man 

1014 Sampler 

1018 Lube man 

Greaser-oiler 

1019 Welder 

1022 Dump man 

Dump operator 

1055 Chainman 

1056 Rock driller 

1060 Machinist 

Shopman 
Shop foreman 
Bit sharpener 



11 



APPENDIX B. 



-METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED 

GROUPING 



Description 



Equipment code 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 

Belt 13,96 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 

Drill (surface) 9 

Explosives 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 

Grader-scraper 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 

Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 

Many equipment 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 

Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 

69, 82, 83 

Pump 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 

Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 17 

Truck (haulage) 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 

None 

Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 

Unspecified 99 



Code 


Description 





None 


5 


Drill press 




Bench grinder 




Lathe 


7 






Barges 




Water transportation 


8 


Bulldozer 




Dozer 




Crawler tractor 


9 






Jumbo drill 




Churn drill 




Rotary drill 




Jet piercing drill 




Airtrack compressor drill 


10 


Chute 




Airslide 


11 


Classifier 




Cyclones 


12 






Dosco miner 


13 


Belt feeder 




Mobile bridge carrier 




Conveyor 




All types belts 


14 


Cherry picker 




Basket scaler 




Scali' 1 '- machine 




Rock or dropball 




Boom hoist 




Derrick 




Crane 




Gantry 



Code Description 

15 Breaker 

Crusher 
16 Cutting machines 

Undercutter 

Chain cutter 
17 Polishing machinery 

Dimension stone cutting 

18 Dredge 

19 Elevator 

Buckets 

Cage 

Skip 
22 Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

23 Forklift 

24 Highlift 

Skip tender 

Front-end loader 

Payloader 

26 Grizzlies 

28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 
30 Hoist 

Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

32 Impactor 

33 Scoop tram 

Unitrac 

Load-haul-dump 

Teletram car 

Bobcat, underground 



12 



Code Description 

34 Locomotive 

Trammer 

Tow-motor 

Lorry car 

Rail-mounted locomotive 
37 Porta bus 

Mancar 

Golf cart 

Mantrip 

Rail runner 

Rail rover 

Personnel carrier 

Boss buggy 

Jeep 
38 Man lift 

Scaling rig 
39 Grinding mills 

Ball or rod mills 
40 Milling machinery 

Block press 

General plant equipment 
41 Nipper truck, underground 

Mine car, underground 

Underground flatcar 

Timber truck, underground 
42 Mine car, surface 

Ore-coal car, surface 

Boxcar, surface 

Hopper car, surface 
43 Mucking machine 

Overshot loader 

44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 

45 Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 

46 Bagger 

Sewing machine 

Packaging machine 
47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 

Pop shooter 

Driller loader 

Prill loader 

Powder buggy 

Explosives 

48 Pump 

49 Raise borer 

51 Raw coal storage 

Tipple 

Dump bins 
52 Roadgrader 

Motor grader 

Motor patrol 
53 Jackleg 

Drifter drill 

Airleg 

Diamond drill 

Track drill 

Jumbo drill 

Rock drill 

Buzzy drill 

Jackhammer 

Hydraulic drill 

Stoper drill 



Code Description 

54 Pinner 

Roof bolting machine 
57 Pan scraper 

Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

Tractor scraper 

Scraper loader 
58 Shaker 

Vibrator 

Screen 
60 Dragline 

Dragline bucket 

Backhoe 

Power shovel 

Clamshell 
61 Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 
65 Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 
66 Tractor, underground 

Elkhorn 

Supply car 
67 Trash truck 

Service truck 

Utility truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Pickup truck 
68 Tugger 

Air winch 

69 Washers 

70 Welding machine 

Torch 
71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Rock rake 

Drilling rigs 

Impact roller 

80 Lab equipment 

81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 

82 Boilers 

83 Furnaces 

Calciners 

Kilns 

Dryers 
85 Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 

88 Diesels 

91 Controls 

Consoles 

92 Scales 

95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 Feeders 

97 Many-all types of equipment 

98 Not elsewhere classified 

99 Not specified 



13 



APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



Establishment weight. — Suppose one out of every five 
mine establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine 
type-employment size class-status) was selected. Then, the 
sampling ratio is 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 
5.00, the inverse of the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor. — Also suppose in a given 
sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were 
within the scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonre- 
sponse adjustment factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 

Worker weight. — Additionally, there was the sampling 
ratio with which the workers in the establishment were sam- 
pled; the worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1 .00 to 30.00 (see 
the first page of MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoret- 
ically, all the workers in a sampling stratum should have had 
the same weight. Hence, there would have been no need to 
assign weight at the worker level, as the worker weight could 
have been incorporated into the establishment weight. In 
practice, however, this is seldom the case because for a few 
establishments the employment level changes from what it was 
on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data collec- 
tion. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
employment size class that they were sampled in, it was 
necessary to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the esti- 
mates, each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT), which 
was the product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse 
adjustment factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). 
That is, FWT = EWT x NRAF x WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the 
total number of workers were computed by (1) summing the 
final weights over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding 
the sum to the nearest integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers in 
the stone industry: 



1. Compute x = £ FWT ; , 



Estimates of mean. — The estimates of mean age (training) 
were computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) 
the product of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final 
weights, and then (3) dividing the sum of the products by the 
sum of the weights and rounding the result to the nearest whole 
number. It should be noted that for each domain only those 
entries where age (training) was specified were included in the 
computation: 

Example: The mean age of the blasters in the metal 
industry was estimated as follows. 



Where, the domain D was the set of all records (workers) that 
had an industry code of stone and occupation code of truck 
driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 



1. Compute \ = Yd ( A 8 e i * FWT i)- 



2. Compute y = £ FWTj. 



Where, domain D is the set of all records that had an industry 
code of metal and an occupation code of blasters, with age 
being specified. 

3. Compute z = round (x/y). 

Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, 
company, and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting 
the records within the domain in ascending order of the 
experience for which the median statistic was desired, (2) 
computing the total number of workers (NW) in the domain by 
summing the final weights, and (3) selecting the experience 
corresponding to the middle worker(s) in the ordering. That is, 
if NW is an odd number, then the median experience is the 
experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th worker in the 
ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median experience 
is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the experi- 
ence corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the 
median estimates also excluded those entries in the domain 
with unspecified experience. 



14 



APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: 
RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 



The random group method of variance estimation em- 
ployed in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using 
the same sampling scheme for each sample as the parent 
sample. The primary sampling units (establishments) were 
divided into two sets. The first set consisted of noncertainty 
(probability of selection less than 1 .00) primary sampling units 
sorted by their original industry-mine type-employment size 
class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 and 8 was 
generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was assigned 
to the random group j, the second to the random group j + 1, 
and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
number as the primary unit to which they belonged. 

The second set consisted of all secondary sampling units 
belonging to the certainty (probability of selection equal to 
1.00) primary sampling units. The secondary sampling units 
were sorted by the same scheme as above, and a random 
integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. Then, the first 
secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the random 
group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so forth 
in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 
random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random 
group technique, the reader is referred to reference 4 of the 
main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 
estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient 



of variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belong- 
ing to a particular category. 

1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 9j, for 
each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
computed as 

e = 6i + e 2 + ... + e 8 . 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed 
as . 

9 = 9/8. 

5. The variance fore was computed as 



var 



(6j -e) 2 



(9) = 8 E ^ 



6. The standard error of 9 was computed as 



s(0) = V var (eT 
7. The CV for 9 was computed as 

CV (9) = 5©i x 100.0. 
9 



15 



APPENDIX E.— METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 

TABLE E-1.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: employment size class, by type of ore mined 

Employment Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal Total 

size class Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

1-19 1,771 5 18,511 25 25,200 68 3,825 11 49,307 27 

20-49 1,695 5 17,215 23 9,117 25 4,062 12 32,088 18 

50-99 2,101 6 10,145 14 2,444 7 4,360 13 19,050 11 

100-249 7,715 21 23,219 32 339 1 9,049 27 40,322 22 

250-499 5,590 16 3,726 5 5,514 16 14,829 8 

500+ 17,068 47 540 1 0_ 6,625 20 24,233 13 

Total 35,940 100 73,357 100 37,100 100 33,434 100 179,831 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-2.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by type of ore mined 



Metal 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 557 2 

Beltman-belt repairman 127 

Blaster 189 1 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,040 3 

Driller-rock bolter 1,029 3 

Electrician-lampman 1,663 5 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 2 

Grader-scraper operator 195 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 4,284 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1,558 4 

Maintenance 537 1 

Working 1,874 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,857 22 

Mine technical support 4,076 11 

Office worker 1,886 5 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 15 

Shuttle car-tram operator 968 3 

Stonecutter-finisher 

Truck driver 2,184 6 

Total 35,940 100 73,357 

''As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Stone 




Sand and 
Workers 


gravel 
pet 


Nonmetal 




Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


2,118 


3 


1,279 


3 


983 


3 


4,937 


3 


319 





208 


1 


146 





800 





336 





3 





77 





605 





171 





853 


2 


68 





1,103 


1 


1,775 


2 


1,381 


4 


1,092 


3 


5,288 


3 


2,058 


3 


56 





558 


2 


3,700 


2 


1,433 


2 


75 





608 


2 


3,780 


2 


6,095 


8 


5,933 


16 


1,286 


4 


13,942 


8 


415 


1 


352 


1 


361 


1 


1,323 


1 


8,771 


12 


2,918 


8 


4,046 


12 


20,019 


11 


4,543 


6 


3,466 


9 


2,152 


6 


11,719 


7 


708 


1 


40 





537 


2 


1,821 


1 


2,362 


3 


387 


1 


1,519 


5 


6,143 


3 


1 1 ,458 


16 


3,299 


9 


5,929 


18 


28,543 


16 


4,524 


6 


1,439 


4 


3,000 


9 


13,038 


7 


5,010 


7 


3,188 


9 


2,356 


7 


12,440 


7 


1 1 ,377 


16 


3,918 


11 


6,742 


20 


27,312 


15 


213 





32 





394 


1 


1,607 


1 


864 


1 








15 





879 





8,808 


12 


8,274 


22 


1,565 


5 


20,830 


12 



100 



37,100 



100 



33,434 



100 



179,831 



100 



16 



TABLE E-3.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 



Equipment operated Metal Stone 
gro"Pi"9 2 Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 2 2,228 3 

Belt 127 404 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 3 1,616 2 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 2 485 1 

Drill (surface) 328 1 1,898 3 

Explosives 175 1 332 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,003 3 7,538 11 

Grader-scraper 195 1 427 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 23 10,370 15 

Hoist-elevator 221 1 36 

Many equipment 567 2 684 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 7 5,423 8 

Plant equipment 4,036 12 9,105 13 

Pump 195 1 168 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 5 3,316 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1,050 3 312 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 868 1 

Truck (haulage) 2,299 7 9,119 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 3 989 1 

Welding machine-lathe 1,632 5 2,904 4 

None 6,212 18 9,235 14 

Not elsewhere classified 294 1 193 

Unspecified 174 1 695 1 

Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Sand and 


gravel 
pet 


Nonmetal 




Total 




Workers 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


1,323 


4 


887 


3 


5,088 


3 


247 


1 


157 


1 


936 


1 


1,164 


3 


1,102 


4 


4,843 


3 


3 





275 


1 


1,586 


1 


52 





313 


1 


2,591 


2 


3 





77 





588 





6,640 


20 


1,915 


6 


17,096 


10 


400 


1 


506 


2 


1,529 


1 


2,787 


8 


6,564 


21 


27,609 


16 








203 


1 


460 





326 


1 


840 


3 


2,417 


1 


1,733 


5 


1,915 


6 


11,442 


7 


5,045 


15 


5,304 


17 


23,489 


14 


216 


1 


179 


1 


758 





985 


3 


1,506 


5 


7,579 


5 


21 





389 


1 


1,772 


1 








15 





883 


1 


8,501 


25 


1,570 


5 


21,488 


13 


211 


1 


604 


2 


2,885 


2 


808 


2 


443 


1 


5,787 


3 


3,300 


10 


5,837 


19 


24,584 


15 


57 





145 





689 





90 





333 


1 


1,292 


1 



33,912 



100 



31.078 



100 



167.391 



100 



TABLE E-4— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by type of ore mined 



Work location 



Metal 



Stone 



Sand and gravel 



Nonmetal 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


4,980 


14 


1.094 


1 








3,643 


11 


9,717 


5 


1,756 


5 


658 


1 








1,783 


5 


4,197 


2 


10,992 


31 


35.742 


49 


26,631 


72 


11,208 


34 


84.572 


47 


15.126 


42 


28,546 


39 


6,026 


16 


13.634 


41 


63.332 


35 


3,087 


9 


7.316 


10 


4.443 


12 


3,167 


9 


18,012 


10 



Underground mine 

Surface at underground mine. 

Surface mine 

Plant or mill 

Office 

Total 



35,940 



100 



73,357 



100 



37,100 



100 



33.434 



100 



179.831 



100 



NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-5.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 



17 



Experience, yr 



Metal 



Stone 



Sand and gravel 



Nonmetal 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



At present job: 

0< to si 

1< to s2 

2< to s3 

3< to <5 

5< to <10 

10< to <20 

20< 

Unspecified 

Total 

Median yr... 

At present company: 

0< to <1 

1< to <5 

5< to <10 

10< to <15 

15< to s20 

20< to <25 

25< to <30 

30< 

Unspecified 

Total 

Median yr... 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 

1< to <5 

5< to <10 

10< to <15 

15< to <20 

20< to <25 

25< to <30 

30< 

Unspecified 

Total 

Median yr... 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data 



6,616 


19 


13,067 


19 


6,625 


20 


4,900 


16 


31,206 


19 


3,665 


11 


8,365 


12 


3,812 


11 


3,681 


12 


19,523 


12 


2,764 


8 


6,185 


9 


3,214 


9 


2,142 


7 


14,305 


9 


3,349 


10 


8,392 


12 


3,932 


12 


3,711 


12 


19,383 


12 


8,223 


24 


14,212 


21 


5,856 


17 


8,197 


26 


36,488 


22 


6,492 


19 


9,702 


14 


4,884 


14 


5,253 


. 17 


26,332 


16 


2,117 


6 


3,814 


6 


2,172 


6 


841 


3 


8,943 


5 


828 


2 


4,611 


7 


3,417 


10 


2,353 


8 


11,210 


7 



34,054 
6 



100 
NAp 



68,347 
5 



100 
NAp 



33,912 
4 



100 
NAp 



31 ,078 
5 



100 
NAp 



167,391 
5 



34,054 100 

10 NAp 



68,347 
8 



100 
NAp 



33,912 
5 



100 
NAp 



31 ,078 
9 



100 
NAp 



167,391 
8 



100 
NAp 



4,312 


13 


8,741 


13 


5,818 


17 


2,375 


8 


21,245 


13 


5,915 


17 


16,500 


24 


10,698 


32 


6,604 


21 


39,718 


24 


7,713 


23 


14,282 


21 


6,642 


20 


8,691 


28 


37,328 


22 


5,568 


16 


9,269 


14 


3,934 


12 


6,108 


20 


24,878 


15 


5,064 


15 


6,670 


10 


2,418 


7 


2,972 


10 


17,124 


10 


2,188 


6 


3,550 


5 


1,281 


4 


1,992 


6 


9,011 


5 


1,482 


4 


2,867 


4 


883 


3 


914 


3 


6,147 


4 


1,552 


5 


4,126 


6 


999 


3 


1,387 


4 


8,064 


5 


260 


1 


2,343 


3 


1,238 


4 


35 





3,876 


2 



100 
NAp 



1,524 


4 


6,577 


10 


3,439 


10 


1,426 


5 


12,966 


8 


3,830 


11 


12,337 


18 


7,375 


22 


4,684 


15 


28,226 


17 


7,141 


21 


13,951 


20 


5,852 


17 


7,505 


24 


34,448 


21 


6,413 


19 


9,500 


14 


3,835 


11 


5,713 


18 


25,461 


15 


5,751 


17 


6,994 


10 


2,466 


7 


2,945 


9 


18,156 


11 


2,740 


8 


3,955 


6 


1,361 


4 


1,723 


6 


9,779 


6 


1,740 


5 


3,037 


4 


912 


3 


884 


3 


6,573 


4 


1,883 


6 


4,269 


6 


1,114 


3 


1,424 


5 


8,691 


5 


3,032 


9 


7,727 


11 


7,558 


22 


4,774 


15 


23,091 


14 


34,054 


100 


68,347 


100 


33,912 


100 


31 ,078 


100 


167,391 


100 


12 


NAp 


9 


NAp 


8 


NAp 


10 


NAp 


10 


NAp 



may not add to totals shown. 



18 



TABLE E-6.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by type of ore mined 



Job training for last Mf^ Stone 

2 vr ' n Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 

1,667 5 5,175 8 

1-8 7 1,227 4 7 5,879 9 

9-15 12 1,132 3 11 3,230 5 

16 16 5,046 15 16 11,632 17 

17-40 26 11,535 34 29 9,985 15 

41-80 60 2,691 8 64 5,554 8 

81-160 107 924 3 118 3,522 5 

161 + 228 2,035 6 390 2,488 4 

Unspecified NAp 7,798 23 NAp 20,883 31 

Total 43 34,054 100 48 68,347 100 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Sand and gravel 



Nonmetal 



Total 



Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 





7 

11 

16 

31 

67 

120 

367 

NAp 



6,132 

2,509 

902 

4,238 

3,759 

2,786 

947 

733 

11,905 



18 
7 
3 

12 

11 
8 
3 
2 

35 





7 

12 

16 

28 

61 

111 

371 

NAp 



2,178 
1.363 

381 
7,132 
5.685 
3,609 
1,265 

931 
8,532 



7 

4 

1 

23 

18 

12 

4 

3 

27 





7 

12 

16 

28 

63 

116 

331 

NAp 



15,152 

10,979 

5,644 

28,048 

30,965 

14,639 

6,658 

6,188 

49,118 



35 33,912 100 44 31,078 100 



9 

7 

3 

17 

18 

9 

4 

4 

29 



44 167,391 100 



TABLE E-7.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by type of ore mined 



Metal Stone 
Age, yr 

Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 

15-20 20 317 1 19 1,220 2 

21-23 22 711 2 22 3,214 5 

24-26 25 1,433 4 25 4,992 7 

27-29 28 2,511 7 28 6,005 9 

30-34 32 5,564 16 32 9,988 15 

35-39 37 6,171 18 37 9,458 14 

40-49 44 9,559 28 44 15,250 22 

50+ 55 7,482 22 56 16,466 24 

Unspecified NAp 308 1 NAp 1,754 3 

Total 41 34,054 100 40 68.347 100 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Sand and gravel 






Nonmetal 






Total 




Mean 


Workers 


pet 


Mean 


Workers 


pet 


Mean 


Workers 


pet 


19 


722 


2 


20 


353 


1 


19 


2,612 


2 


22 


1,745 


5 


22 


1,162 


4 


22 


6,831 


4 


25 


2,881 


8 


25 


2,400 


8 


25 


11,705 


7 


28 


2.920 


9 


28 


3,137 


10 


28 


14,572 


9 


32 


4,514 


13 


32 


5,424 


17 


32 


25.490 


15 


37 


4,323 


13 


37 


4,881 


16 


37 


24,833 


15 


44 


6,583 


19 


44 


6,926 


22 


44 


38,318 


23 


57 


7,821 


23 


56 


6,632 


21 


56 


38,402 


23 


NAp 


2,404 


7 


NAp 


162 


1 


NAp 


4,627 


3 



39 



33,912 100 



39 31,078 100 



40 167,391 100 



TABLE E-8.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 



19 



Metal Stone 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male 32,735 96 66,326 97 

Female 1,182 3 1,490 2 

Unspecified 136 531 1 

Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 

Race: 

White 28,798 85 56.171 82 

Black 793 2 5,119 7 

Hispanic 3,469 10 5,353 8 

Other 671 2 1,101 2 

Unspecified 324 1 603 1 

Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary.... 1,682 5 6,349 9 

Some high school ... 3,650 11 13,068 19 

High school diploma 15,733 46 31,371 46 

Vocational diploma.. 3,243 10 4,520 7 

Some college 5,425 16 5,120 7 

College degree 3,079 9 2,549 4 

Unspecified 1,242 4 5,370 8 

Total 34,054 100 68,347 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Sand and gravel 



Nonmetal 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


32,949 


97 


29,873 


96 


161.883 


97 


790 


2 


1,061 


3 


4.523 


3 


174 


1 


143 





984 


1 



33,912 



100 



31 ,078 



100 



33,912 



100 



31,078 



100 



33,912 



100 



31,078 



100 



167,391 



167,391 



167,391 



100 



28,644 


84 


23,327 


75 


136,940 


82 


1,742 


5 


4,758 


15 


12,413 


7 


2,448 


7 


2,439 


8 


13,708 


8 


456 


1 


399 


1 


2,626 


2 


622 


2 


154 





1,703 


1 



100 



2,812 


8 


2,168 


7 


13,012 


8 


6,030 


18 


5,155 


17 


27,904 


17 


15,792 


47 


14,652 


47 


77,548 


46 


2,171 


6 


2,563 


8 


12,498 


7 


2,212 


7 


2,497 


8 


15,254 


9 


879 


3 


1,596 


5 


8,103 


5 


4,015 


12 


2,445 


8 


13,072 


8 



100 



TABLE E-9.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 

Job title grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 1,806 4 1,022 3 564 3 667 2 399 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 138 181 1 54 160 100 1 

Blaster 132 157 27 117 93 1 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 609 1 237 1 35 213 1 10 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,876 4 842 3 479 3 1,070 3 461 3 

Driller-rock bolter 1,128 2 823 3 312 2 734 2 289 2 

Electrician-lampman 99 187 1 313 2 1,352 3 537 4 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 8,255 17 2,744 9 1,052 6 1,398 3 339 2 

Grader-scraper operator 427 1 335 1 277 1 187 28 

Laborer-miner-utility man 4,205 9 3,183 10 2,284 12 5,490 14 1,727 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 5,135 10 2,358 7 1,071 6 1,836 5 477 3 

Maintenance 83 235 1 189 1 672 2 371 3 

Working 383 1 853 3 960 5 1,856 5 739 5 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,303 7 4,503 14 3,578 19 7,665 19 3,391 23 

Mine technical support 1,933 4 1,725 5 1,371 7 4,006 10 1,336 9 

Office worker 3,994 8 2,094 7 1,326 7 2,757 7 941 6 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,658 11 4,602 14 3,253 17 7,480 19 2,621 18 

Shuttle car-tram operator 71 69 152 1 440 1 108 1 

Stonecutter-finisher 268 1 364 1 248 1 

Truck driver 9,806 20 5,575 17 1,753 9 1,974 5 864 6 

Total 49,307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40,322 100 14,829 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



500 + 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet 



478 

167 

80 



560 

415 

1,291 

155 

70 

3,131 

842 

272 
1,352 
6,104 
2,668 
1,327 
3,697 

767 


858 



2 
1 


2 
2 
5 
1 

13 

3 

1 

6 

25 

11 

5 

15 

3 



4 



4,937 
800 
605 
1,103 
5,288 
3,700 
3,780 

13,942 
1,323 

20,019 

11,719 

1,821 

6,143 

28,543 

13,038 

12,440 

27,312 

1,607 

879 

20,830 



3 


1 
3 
2 
2 
8 
1 
11 

7 
1 
3 

16 
7 
7 

15 
1 


12 



24,233 100 179,831 100 



hence, MSHA published injury 



20 



TABLE E- 10. —Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' principal equipment operated, by employment size ciass- 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 

Equipment operated grouping 3 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 1,876 4 1,067 4 574 3 723 2 354 3 

Belt 159 208 1 68 212 1 121 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,622 4 916 3 474 3 817 2 428 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 285 1 222 1 86 393 1 136 1 

Drill (surface) 978 2 695 2 238 1 456 1 165 1 

Explosives 138 157 1 29 105 79 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 9,248 20 3,209 11 1.351 8 2,271 6 684 5 

Grader-scraper 497 1 377 1 291 2 266 1 28 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 2,864 6 3,783 13 3,129 18 8,104 22 3,440 25 

Hoist-elevator 60 5 106 1 198 1 28 

Many equipment 877 2 278 1 341 2 229 1 48 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,194 5 1,981 7 1,198 7 3,544 9 970 7 

Plant equipment 6,764 15 4,212 14 2,574 15 5,295 14 2,056 15 

Pump 218 139 103 1 176 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,233 3 1,125 4 851 5 2,473 7 590 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 60 99 121 1 523 1 129 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 306 1 330 1 248 1 

Truck (haulage) 10,100 22 5,661 19 1,789 10 2,074 6 947 7 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 325 1 241 1 126 1 635 2 591 4 

Welding machine-lathe 787 2 965 3 857 5 1,422 4 584 4 

None 4,579 10 3,928 13 3,174 18 6,750 18 2,266 16 

Not elsewhere classified 75 117 135 1 132 70 1 

Unspecified 70 280 1 108 1 520 1 126 1 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



500 + 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


493 


2 


5,088 


3 


167 


1 


936 


1 


586 


3 


4,843 


3 


465 


2 


1,586 


1 


58 





2,591 


2 


80 





588 





332 


1 


17,096 


10 


70 





1,529 


1 


6,291 


27 


27,609 


16 


63 





460 





644 


3 


2,417 


1 


1,555 


7 


11,442 


7 


2,589 


11 


23,489 


14 


75 





758 





1,307 


6 


7,579 


5 


839 


4 


1,772 


1 








883 


1 


917 


4 


21,488 


13 


967 


4 


2,885 


2 


1,171 


5 


5,787 


3 


3,888 


17 


24,584 


15 


160 


1 


689 





188 


1 


1,292 


1 



22,906 100 167,391 100 



hence, MSHA published injury 



TABLE E-11.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100 -249 250- 499 50 0+ Total 

Work location 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine 895 2 512 2 967 5 3,243 8 1,062 7 3,038 13 9,717 5 

Surface at underground mine 503 1 278 1 273 1 1,017 3 536 4 1,589 7 4,197 2 

Surface mine 34,082 69 18,199 57 8.115 43 11,746 29 5,599 38 6,832 28 84,572 47 

Plant or mill 8,298 17 9.824 31 7,780 41 20,338 50 6.254 42 10,838 45 63,332 35 

Office 5,529 11 3,275 10 1,915 10 3.979 10 1,379 9 1,935 8 18,012 10 

Total 49,307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40,322 100 14,829 100 24,233 100 179.831 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-12.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 



21 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-2 49 250-499 500+ Total 

Experience, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0<tos1 9,567 21 6,089 20 3,695 21 7,032 19 1,999 14 2,824 12 31,206 19 

1<tO£2 5,498 12 3,443 11 2,483 14 4,558 12 1,337 10 2,204 10 19,523 12 

2< to S3 4,554 10 2,235 7 1,652 9 3,462 9 1,050 8 1,353 6 14,305 9 

3< to <5 5,595 12 3,125 10 1,949 11 5,208 14 1,479 11 2,027 9 19,383 12 

5<tos10 7,778 17 5,544 18 3,810 21 8,775 23 4,108 30 6,473 28 36,488 22 

10< to £20 6,686 15 4,231 14 2,060 12 5,012 13 2,137 15 6,205 27 26,332 16 

20< 2,791 6 1,940 6 847 5 1,015 3 630 5 1,720 8 8,943 5 

Unspecified 2,844 6 3,388 11 1,228 7 2,503 7 1,147 8 100 11,210 7 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median yr.... 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0< to <1 8,053 18 5,176 17 2,316 13 3,482 9 670 5 1,549 7 21,245 13 

1< to <5 15,239 34 8,068 27 5,079 29 7,387 20 2,576 19 1,369 6 39,718 24 

5<tO<10 8,564 19 5,947 20 4,246 24 9,683 26 3,586 26 5,302 23 37,328 22 

10< to <15 5,160 11 3,717 12 2,181 12 5,843 16 2,204 16 5,773 25 24,878 15 

15< to <20 2,853 6 2,715 9 1,433 8 4,402 12 1,746 13 3,977 17 17,124 10 

20< to <25 1,410 3 1,420 5 833 5 1,993 5 1,359 10 1,995 9 9,011 5 

25< to <30 994 2 1,124 4 504 3 1,604 4 682 5 1,238 5 6,147 4 

30< 1,228 3 1,145 4 902 5 2,163 6 1,021 7 1,603 7 8,064 5 

Unspecified 1,813 4 681 2 230 1 1,007 3 44 100 3,876 2 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median yr.... 5 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 13 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0<tos1 5,181 11 3,535 12 1,438 8 2,210 6 371 3 231 1 12,966 8 

1< to <5 10,949 24 5,584 19 3,389 19 5,626 15 1,501 11 1,177 5 28,226 17 

5<tO<10 8,292 18 5,130 17 4,216 24 9,197 24 2,994 22 4,619 20 34,448 21 

10< to <15 5,526 12 3,598 12 2,305 13 5,987 16 2,120 15 5,925 26 25,461 15 

15< to £20 3,449 8 2,539 8 1,495 8 4,687 12 1,634 12 4,350 19 18,156 11 

20< to £25 1,902 4 1,219 4 1,009 6 2,302 6 1,173 8 2,174 9 9,779 6 

25< to <30 1,274 3 1,211 4 565 3 1,553 4 710 5 1,260 5 6,573 4 

30< 1,738 4 1,167 4 860 5 2,230 6 1,021 7 1,675 7 8,691 5 

Unspecified 7,004 15 6,011 20 2,446 14 3,773 10 2,363 17 1,495 7 23,091 14 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median yr.... 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 10 NAp 12 NAp 14 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



99 



TABLE E-13.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 



Workers pet 



Job training for last 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

2 V" n Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

6,900 15 2,451 8 1,736 10 2,455 7 152 1 1,459 6 15,152 

1-8 3,612 8 1,967 7 1,346 8 2,266 6 1,072 8 715 3 10,979 

9-15 1,553 3 465 2 519 3 1,926 5 301 2 881 4 5,644 

16 5,628 12 5,745 19 3,402 19 7,698 20 2,054 15 3,521 15 28,048 

17-40 5,886 13 4,896 16 3,317 19 6,796 18 2,824 20 7,246 32 30,965 

41-80 4,127 9 2,721 9 1,668 9 3,329 9 1,785 13 1,010 4 14,639 

81-160 2,040 5 846 3 411 2 2,212 6 871 6 277 1 6,658 

161+ 1,352 3 623 2 452 3 1,585 4 464 3 1,711 7 6,188 

Unspecified 14,216 31 10,280 34 4,872 27 9,299 25 4,365 31 6,086 27 49,118 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Mean job training h.... 42 NAp 39 NAp 43 NAp 48 NAp 51 NAp 45 NAp 44 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



9 

7 

3 

17 

18 

9 

4 

4 

29 



TABLE E-14. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 



1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 
Age, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 1,069 2 562 2 345 2 426 1 60 

21-23 2,686 6 1,551 5 949 5 1.218 3 246 2 

24-26 4,183 9 2,367 8 1,352 8 2,449 7 663 5 

27-29 4,115 9 2,620 9 1,720 10 3,401 9 1,343 10 

30-34 6,379 14 4,409 15 2,899 16 5,949 16 2,416 17 

35-39 5,485 12 3.673 12 2,552 14 6,020 16 2,394 17 

40-49 8,724 19 6,276 21 3,829 22 9,143 24 3,424 25 

50+ 10,304 23 7,095 24 3,787 21 8,448 22 3,326 24 

Unspecified 2,368 5 1,442 5 291 2 511 1 15 

Total 45.314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 

Mean age yr... 39 NAp - 40 NAp 39 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 42 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


150 


1 


2,612 


2 


181 


1 


6,831 


4 


690 


3 


11,705 


7 


1,373 


6 


14,572 


9 


3,438 


15 


25,490 


15 


4,709 


21 


24,833 


15 


6.922 


30 


38,318 


23 


5,442 


24 


38,402 


23 








4,627 


3 



100 167,391 100 
NAp 40 NAp 



MSHA published injury 



TABLE E-15.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male 43,793 97 29,150 97 17,163 97 36,131 96 13,439 97 22,206 97 161,883 97 

Female 1,047 2 590 2 475 3 1,320 4 416 3 675 3 4,523 3 

Unspecified 474 1 254 1 86 113 32 25 984 1 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Race: 

White 39,480 87 24,240 81 13,991 79 29,594 79 10,692 77 18,944 83 136,940 82 

Black 1,867 4 2,412 8 2,019 11 3,241 9 1,794 13 1,080 5 12,413 7 

Hispanic 2,665 6 2,312 8 1,270 7 3,862 10 1,052 8 2,547 11 13.708 8 

Other 857 2 331 1 281 2 636 2 274 2 247 1 2,626 2 

Unspecified 444 1 699 2 164 1 231 1 77 1 88 1,703 1 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary 4,028 9 3,014 10 1,659 9 2,516 7 668 5 1,126 5 13,012 8 

Some high school 8,912 20 5,670 19 3,027 17 5,355 14 2,255 16 2,685 12 27,904 17 

High school diploma 22,031 49 12,964 43 7,329 41 17,570 47 6,561 47 11,092 48 77,548 46 

Vocational diploma 2,990 7 1,631 5 1,524 9 3,259 9 1,368 10 1,725 8 12,498 7 

Some college 2,768 6 1,819 6 1,439 8 4,176 11 1,876 14 3,176 14 15,254 9 

College degree 1,311 3 959 3 911 5 2,449 7 1,077 8 1,397 6 8,103 5 

Unspecified 3,273 7 3,936 13 1,835 10 2,240 6 83 1 1,705 7 13,072 8 

Total 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



24 



TABLE E-16. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers 



Job title grouping 2 



Backhoe 
crane 

dragline 
shovel 



Belt 



Dozer 
heavy and 

mobile 
equipment 



Drill 

(underground) 

rock 

bolter 



Drill 
(surface) 



Explosives 



Front-end 
loader 
forklift 



Handtools 
Grader (powered 
scraper and 

nonpowered) 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,667 60 42 40 

Beltman-belt repairman 767 3 3 

Blaster 00 559 00 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 00 7026 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 93 4,217 8 495 143 

Driller-rock bolter 7 1,216 2,363 17 8 22 

Electrician-lampman 00 000 00 3,780 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 50 13,851 

Grader-scraper operator 1,323 

Laborer-miner-utility man 39 48 208 320 164 6 1,088 37 765 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 115 11 120 6 422 17 9 

Maintenance 30 000 00 4 

Working 9 65 3 7 6 159 6 81 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 75 14 22,570 

Mine technical support 30 6 18 11 194 

Office worker 00 000 00 

Plant operator-warehouseman 46 103 115 25 20 984 115 

Shuttle car-tram operator 00 000 00 

Stonecutter-finisher 00 13 00 60 

Truck driver 00 000 21 2 

Total 5,088 936 4.843 1.586 2.591 588 



17.096 1.529 27,609 



Hoist 
elevator 



Many 
equipment 



Misc. 
utility 
equipment 



Plant 
equipment 



Pump 



Scale „. . Stone 

lab & ™" ,e cutting Truck 

equipment , J,,^ finishing haulage 

controls machine 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ... 
Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 

See explanatory notes at end of table. 






7 


41 


21 








20 

















20 


7 















































75 


871 


5 














38 


16 





21 














256 


8 


5 





















































25 




















16 





























47 


1,851 


1 1 ,326 


783 


430 


29 


312 


51 


248 





433 





421 


27 


82 








91 
































46 





213 





25 


7 


6 


22 











61 





2 











277 


6 





52 


23 


6.788 


25 





17 

















73 











25 


20 





20.903 


267 


653 


135 


7 


30 


66 








123 








1.274 





7 























819 








7 




















20.801 



460 



2.417 



11.442 



23.489 



758 



7.652 



1.772 



883 



21.488 



TABLE E-16.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 



25 



Truck .„ ... 

/ uiu \ Welding 

Job title grouping 2 personnel m ^ ine 

carrier 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-rock bolter 10 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,111 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 394 16 

Maintenance 154 6 

Working 497 14 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 24 5,745 

Mine technical support 474 

Office worker 86 

Plant operator-warehouseman 206 7 

Shuttle car-tram operator 15 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 2,971 5,787 

1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 





Not 






None 


elsewhere 
classified 


Unspecified 


Total 


39 








4,937 











800 


46 








605 





28 


82 


1,103 











5,288 


37 


7 





3,700 











3,780 











13,942 











1,323 


699 


260 


196 


20,019 


9,556 








11,719 


1,654 








1,821 


4,908 


6 


63 


6,143 





53 





28,543 


4,939 


87 


92 


13,038 


12,278 


3 





12,440 


2,557 


235 


860 


27,312 


109 


13 





1,607 


40 








879 











20,830 



36,862 



691 



1,292 



179,831 



TABLE E-17.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 



Surfscs at 
Job title grouping 1 Underground underground 
^ mine 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 10 41 

Beltman-belt repairman 20 40 

Blaster 170 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 37 168 

Driller-rock bolter 1,269 39 

Electrician-lampman 188 171 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 226 127 

Grader-scraper operator 46 7 

Laborer-miner-utility man 2,734 498 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 616 182 

Maintenance 179 95 

Working 559 134 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,551 1,473 

Mine technical support 401 720 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 279 287 

Shuttle car-tram operator 1,062 14 

Stonecutter-finisher 

Truck driver 370 188 

Total 9,717 4,197 

n As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Surface 
mine 



Plant 
or mill 



Office 



Total 



4,440 


447 





4,937 


322 


417 





800 


428 


7 





605 


999 


92 





1,103 


4,607 


476 





5,288 


2,351 


42 





3,700 


1,130 


2,291 





3,780 


11,067 


2,523 





13,942 


1,236 


35 





1,323 


9,853 


6,934 





20,019 


6,824 


3,338 


758 


11,719 


564 


937 


45 


1,821 


2,130 


3,244 


76 


6,143 


13,229 


12,290 





28,543 


2,681 


5,101 


4,134 


13,038 








12,440 


12,440 


3,548 


22,639 


559 


27,312 


269 


262 





1,607 


329 


550 





879 


18,565 


1,707 





20,830 



84,572 



63,332 



18,012 



179,831 



26 



TABLE E-18.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 



, u ..i 1 0< 1< 2< 3< 
Job title group.ng 1 to <1 to <2 to s3 to <5 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 723 557 444 481 

Beltman-belt repairman 341 71 61 47 

Blaster 86 129 67 62 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 196 177 113 169 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 861 605 428 552 

Driller-rock bolter 688 488 276 522 

Electrician-lampman 481 251 264 322 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 2,259 1,681 1,437 1,801 

Grader-scraper operator 256 129 121 191 

Laborer-miner-utility man 6,256 2,666 1,875 2,076 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1,122 981 858 1,275 

Maintenance 224 128 194 233 

Working 911 516 514 674 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,962 2,949 2,123 2,966 

Mine technical support 2,527 1,655 1,276 1,672 

Office worker 1,969 1,508 1,253 1,404 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,722 3,485 2,245 3,645 

Shuttle car-tram operator 269 241 112 247 

Stonecutter-finisher 156 45 38 123 

Truck driver 4,168 2,771 1,860 2,326 

Total 33,176 21,032 15,558 20,787 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



5< 
to <10 



10< 
to <20 



20 < Unspecified 



Total 



Median, 

y 



1,134 


877 


433 


287 


4,937 


6 


141 


79 


30 


30 


800 


2 


157 


81 


10 


13 


605 


4 


244 


105 


41 


58 


1,103 


4 


1,168 


847 


333 


494 


5,288 


5 


808 


573 


103 


243 


3,700 


5 


1,160 


1,035 


196 


72 


3,780 


8 


2,644 


2,259 


939 


922 


13,942 


5 


319 


217 


21 


71 


1,323 


5 


3,479 


2,083 


489 


1,095 


20,019 


3 


2,592 


2,565 


1,467 


859 


11,719 


8 


573 


310 


36 


124 


1,821 


6 


1,722 


1,178 


328 


298 


6,143 


6 


7,509 


5,661 


1,780 


1,594 


28,543 


6 


3,037 


1,635 


601 


636 


13,038 


4 


2,710 


1,901 


826 


869 


12,440 


5 


5,550 


3,774 


1,008 


1,883 


27,312 


4 


518 


161 


53 


5 


1,607 


5 


146 


110 


72 


189 


879 


5 


3,588 


2,779 


1,003 


2,336 


20.830 


4 



39,198 28,233 9,769 



12,079 



179,831 



TABLE E-19.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 



■ u ..i 1 0< 1< 5< 10< 
Job trtle grouping^ to ^1 to <5 to <10 to <15 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 481 1,148 1,007 731 

Beltman-belt repairman 137 142 234 126 

Blaster 50 165 158 101 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 115 287 328 167 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 566 1,301 1,039 934 

Driller-rock bolter 555 973 918 564 

Electrician-lampman 236 562 905 754 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,707 3,983 2,922 1,760 

Grader-scraper operator 236 346 275 253 

Laborer-miner-utility man 4,567 4,954 4,570 2,613 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 545 2.168 2.327 1,968 

Maintenance 87 369 464 229 

Working 297 806 1,310 1,111 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 2,890 5,550 6,690 4,883 

Mine technical support 1,624 3,313 3.111 1,889 

Office worker 1,616 3,179 3,075 1,919 

Plant operator-warehouseman 3,013 6,626 6.553 4,138 

Shuttle car-tram operator 293 169 562 262 

Stonecutter-finisher 123 208 177 92 

Truck driver 3,724 6,648 3,780 2,302 

Total 22,861 42,897 40,403 26,797 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 
to <20 



20< 
to <25 



25< 
to <30 



30 < Unspecified Total 



Median, 

yr 



561 


378 


242 


349 


40 


4,937 


10 


86 


11 


27 


28 


10 


800 


7 


38 


63 


17 


14 





605 


8 


52 


40 


14 


19 


83 


1.103 


7 


539 


348 


118 


225 


218 


5.288 


9 


398 


94 


67 


61 


70 


3.700 


7 


620 


308 


164 


184 


48 


3,780 


11 


1.319 


640 


507 


651 


454 


13.942 


7 


110 


35 


42 


27 





1.323 


7 


1,226 


663 


458 


467 


500 


20.019 


6 


1.495 


970 


731 


1,184 


331 


11,719 


12 


227 


211 


125 


69 


41 


1.821 


10 


914 


604 


363 


661 


77 


6,143 


13 


3,641 


1.631 


1,175 


1,473 


610 


28,543 


10 


1,189 


676 


466 


611 


160 


13,038 


7 


877 


577 


394 


450 


353 


12,440 


7 


2.774 


1,443 


930 


1,361 


475 


27,312 


8 


130 


84 


49 


57 





1,607 


8 


13 


39 


96 


68 


63 


879 


7 


1,793 


773 


558 


555 


697 


20,830 


5 



18,001 9,587 6,541 8,514 



4.229 



179.831 



TABLE E-20.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 



27 



. ... , 0< 1< 5< 10< 15< 20< 
Job title grouping 1 to<1 to <5 to <10 to <15 to ^20 to <25 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 317 727 971 794 622 430 

Beltman-belt repairman 82 90 255 123 119 7 

Blaster 43 120 123 108 40 44 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 77 224 324 186 68 24 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 320 888 1,073 873 607 416 

Driller-rock bolter 264 653 865 693 531 136 

Electrician-lampman 136 458 883 760 617 292 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 844 2,877 2,920 1,892 1,480 652 

Grader-scraper operator 142 246 253 250 91 44 

Laborer-miner-utility man 3,198 3,995 4,309 2,612 1,387 826 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 177 1,017 1,762 2,158 1,584 1,124 

Maintenance 6 202 348 221 255 204 

Working 87 364 1,028 1,112 992 634 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,686 4,126 6,165 4,919 3,881 1,729 

Mine technical support 1,067 2,344 2,856 1,944 1,192 709 

Office worker 1,048 2,278 2,605 1,673 866 668 

Plant operator-warehouseman 1,777 4,817 6,231 4,177 2,887 1,652 

Shuttle car-tram operator 20 128 582 455 149 137 

Stonecutter-finisher 105 122 72 89 7 39 

Truck driver 2,619 4,827 3,428 2,096 1,648 680 

Total 14,014 30,504 37,053 27,134 19,022 10,448 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



25 < 
to ^ 30 



30 < Unspecified Total 



Median, 



289 


404 


383 


4,937 


12 


27 


22 


74 


800 


10 


17 


14 


96 


605 


8 


32 


13 


156 


1,103 


8 


156 


241 


713 


5,288 


11 


118 


76 


366 


3,700 


10 


136 


238 


261 


3,780 


12 


502 


797 


1,979 


13,942 


9 


42 


27 


229 


1,323 


8 


480 


556 


2,655 


20,019 


7 


840 


1,371 


1,686 


11,719 


15 


171 


86 


328 


1,821 


15 


355 


630 


941 


6,143 


16 


1,202 


1,490 


3,346 


28,543 


11 


522 


731 


1,674 


13,038 


9 


408 


552 


2,342 


12,440 


9 


1,005 


1,358 


3,409 


27,312 


10 


61 


54 


21 


1,607 


11 


26 


20 


399 


879 


6 


593 


565 


4,374 


20,830 


7 



6,981 9,242 25,433 



179,831 



10 



TABLE E-21.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 



Job title grouping 1 1-8 9-15 16 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 455 289 144 818 

Beltman-belt repairman 85 76 47 156 

Blaster 68 24 6 146 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 175 40 18 159 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 519 321 157 1,063 

Driller-rock bolter 374 143 73 866 

Electrician-lampman 297 189 104 879 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,663 1,148 387 2,175 

Grader-scraper operator 120 110 28 359 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,560 1,326 858 3,512 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1,465 549 362 1,925 

Maintenance 92 154 18 235 

Working 465 403 72 1,005 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,891 1,635 1,045 5,311 

Mine technical support 1,110 865 436 1,722 

Office worker 2,389 801 301 959 

Plant operator-warehouseman 2,110 1,825 1,136 4,099 

Shuttle car-tram operator 141 61 452 

Stonecutter-finisher 139 184 30 13 

Truck driver 2,422 1,639 723 3,151 

Total 17,541 11,780 5,945 29,006 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 



631 


395 


212 


230 


1,764 


4,937 


49 


71 


66 


11 


10 


278 


800 


25 


104 


75 


35 


19 


128 


605 


48 


177 


123 


62 


28 


321 


1,103 


41 


851 


456 


129 


240 


1,552 


5,288 


45 


423 


506 


162 


171 


983 


3,700 


53 


767 


235 


146 


289 


874 


3,780 


56 


2,278 


1,185 


580 


343 


4,182 


13,942 


39 


149 


100 


3 


15 


440 


1,323 


28 


3,386 


1,711 


837 


772 


6,058 


20,019 


45 


1,688 


1,037 


562 


264 


3,867 


11,719 


40 


326 


311 


96 


34 


555 


1,821 


44 


1,388 


703 


343 


316 


1,448 


6,143 


51 


6,538 


2,160 


1,039 


1,396 


7,529 


28,543 


52 


2,671 


994 


630 


412 


4,198 


13,038 


42 


1,177 


869 


382 


361 


5,203 


12,440 


44 


6,084 


2,564 


1,108 


1,121 


7,265 


27,312 


42 


247 


369 


15 


38 


284 


1,607 


39 


66 


40 


12 


6 


389 


879 


24 


3,121 


1,609 


675 


486 


7,004 


20,830 


35 



32,142 15,508 7,040 6,549 



54,321 



179,831 



44 



28 



TABLE E-22.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 



Job title grouping 1 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 58 119 400 349 587 

Beltman-belt repairman 17 17 35 120 128 

Blaster 7 48 32 41 128 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 9 60 81 115 225 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 10 104 272 455 834 

Driller-rock bolter 81 94 226 393 655 

Electrician-lampman 9 83 44 183 687 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 287 629 1,116 1,280 1,949 

Grader-scraper operator 40 53 102 135 237 

Laborer-miner-utility man 860 1,688 2,241 2,277 3,523 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 6 79 285 482 1,242 

Maintenance 6 20 8 171 

Working 17 29 99 287 883 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 252 642 1,535 2,510 4,554 

Mine technical support 167 595 868 1,143 2,127 

Office worker 211 414 655 1,047 1,746 

Plant operator-warehouseman 381 1,310 2,273 2,645 4,225 

Shuttle car-tram operator 7 107 188 220 

Stonecutter-finisher 13 71 61 101 108 

Truck driver 400 1,198 1,907 1,862 3,007 

Total 2,823 7,245 12,360 15,619 27,236 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35-39 40-49 50 + Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



620 


1,114 


1,619 


71 


4,937 


43 


129 


196 


140 


17 


800 


39 


36 


130 


168 


17 


605 


41 


140 


213 


207 


54 


1,103 


38 


870 


1,281 


1,263 


200 


5,288 


41 


658 


800 


698 


96 


3,700 


39 


854 


945 


948 


26 


3,780 


42 


1,814 


2,788 


3,370 


709 


13,942 


40 


156 


346 


215 


38 


1,323 


38 


2,657 


3,446 


2,845 


481 


20,019 


36 


1,786 


3,343 


4,132 


363 


11,719 


45 


244 


744 


604 


24 


1,821 


45 


971 


1,953 


1,870 


35 


6,143 


44 


4,984 


7,301 


6,309 


458 


28,543 


40 


1,954 


2,961 


3,035 


190 


13,038 


40 


2,131 


2,962 


2,908 


367 


12,440 


41 


3,942 


5,939 


6,131 


467 


27,312 


39 


359 


421 


286 


18 


1,607 


39 


100 


212 


213 





879 


40 


2,560 


4,185 


4,348 


1,362 


20,830 


39 



26,965 41,280 41,309 



4,994 



179,831 



40 



TABLE E-23.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 



Male 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,879 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 783 

Blaster 580 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 1,088 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 5,233 3 

Driller-rock bolter 3,635 2 

Electrician-lampman 3,774 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 13,725 8 

Grader-scraper operator 1,318 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 19,215 11 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 11,416 7 

Maintenance 1,821 1 

Working 6,080 4 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 28,313 17 

Mine technical support 10,880 7 

Office worker 5,362 3 

Plant operator-warehouseman 26,299 16 

Shuttle car-tram operator 1,534 1 

Stone cutter-finisher 873 1 

Truck driver 20,437 12 

Total 167,245 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecifiec 


I 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


47 





11 


1 


4,937 


3 


17 











800 





26 











605 





15 











1,103 


1 


8 





46 


4 


5,288 


3 


14 





51 


5 


3,700 


2 








6 


1 


3.780 


2 


108 


1 


109 


10 


13,942 


8 








6 


1 


1,323 


1 


637 


6 


166 


16 


20.019 


11 


198 


2 


105 


10 


11,719 


7 














1,821 


1 


19 





43 


4 


6,143 


3 


139 


1 


91 


9 


28.543 


16 


2,118 


18 


41 


4 


13,038 


7 


6.999 


61 


79 


7 


12,440 


7 


873 


8 


141 


13 


27,312 


15 


68 


1 


5 





1,607 


1 


6 











879 





231 


2 


162 


15 


20,830 


12 



11,522 



100 



1.063 



100 



179.831 



100 



TABLE E-24.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 



29 



White Black 
Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4,170 3 354 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 557 165 1 

Blaster 465 12 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 961 1 132 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 4,278 3 397 3 

Driller-rock bolter 3,015 2 252 2 

Electrician-lampman 3,302 2 109 1 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 11,612 8 985 8 

Grader-scraper operator 1,086 1 53 

Laborer-miner-utility man 14,382 10 2,324 18 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 10,722 7 383 3 

Maintenance 1,680 1 38 

Working 5,311 4 314 2 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 23,873 16 1,512 12 

Mine technical support 11,425 8 566 4 

Office worker 11,423 8 259 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 20,914 14 3,242 26 

Shuttle car-tram operator 1,307 1 121 1 

Stonecutter-finisher 648 186 1 

Truck driver 17,231 12 1,268 10 

Total 148,363 100 12,672 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 


Othe 


r 


Unspecified 
Workers pet 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


321 


2 


61 


2 


32 


2 


4,937 


3 


60 





11 





7 





800 





75 


1 


53 


2 








605 





11 

















1,103 


1 


358 


3 


178 


6 


77 


4 


5,288 


3 


278 


2 


93 


3 


62 


3 


3,700 


2 


355 


3 


10 





4 





3,780 


2 


1,012 


7 


206 


7 


126 


7 


13,942 


8 


154 


1 


16 


1 


14 


1 


1,323 


1 


2,687 


19 


396 


14 


229 


12 


20,019 


11 


315 


2 


128 


5 


171 


9 


11,719 


7 


68 





25 


1 


10 


1 


1,821 


1 


428 


3 


41 


1 


49 


3 


6,143 


3 


2,555 


18 


421 


15 


183 


10 


28,543 


16 


786 


6 


165 


6 


96 


5 


13,038 


7 


405 


3 


178 


6 


176 


9 


12,440 


7 


2,538 


18 


402 


14 


216 


11 


27,312 


15 


131 


1 


32 


1 


16 


1 


1,607 


1 


33 





6 





6 





879 





1,542 


11 


382 


14 


407 


22 


20,830 


12 



14,113 100 2,803 100 1,879 100 179,831 100 



TABLE E-25.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 



Some Some high High school 

Job title grouping 1 elementary school diploma 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 562 11 1,293 26 2,290 46 

Beltman-belt repairman 51 6 275 34 345 43 

Blaster 86 14 107 18 278 46 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 72 6 226 20 662 60 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 486 9 964 18 2,799 53 

Driller-rock bolter 412 11 900 24 1,622 44 

Electrician-lampman 67 2 233 6 1,263 33 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 1,397 10 2,899 21 6,869 49 

Grader-scraper operator 122 9 270 20 649 49 

Laborer-miner-utility man 2,168 11 3,704 19 9,403 47 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 474 4 1,120 10 4,807 41 

Maintenance 78 4 153 8 726 40 

Working 258 4 749 12 2,754 45 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,806 6 4,272 15 13,223 46 

Mine technical support 452 3 1,068 8 4,624 35 

Office worker 32 260 2 4,517 36 

Plant operator-warehouseman 2,310 8 4,545 17 13,819 51 

Shuttle car-tram operator 192 12 255 16 813 51 

Stonecutter-finisher 135 15 315 36 374 43 

Truck driver 1,884 9 4,555 22 10,228 49 

Total 13,044 7 28,164 16 82,065 46 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Vocatioi 
diplorr 


rial 

1a 

pet 


Some 
college 

Workers pet 


College 
degree 

Workers pet 


Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


312 


6 


238 


5 


15 





227 


5 


4,937 


3 


22 


3 


52 


6 








55 


7 


800 





66 


11 


68 


11 














605 





74 


7 


23 


2 


22 


2 


25 


2 


1,103 


1 


274 


5 


356 


7 


48 


1 


361 


7 


5,288 


3 


251 


7 


267 


7 


46 


1 


201 


5 


3,700 


2 


1,189 


31 


651 


17 


154 


4 


223 


6 


3,780 


2 


768 


6 


532 


4 


143 


1 


1,334 


10 


13,942 


8 


51 


4 


32 


2 








200 


15 


1,323 


1 


1,088 


5 


1,452 


7 


312 


2 


1,892 


9 


20,019 


11 


655 


6 


1,844 


16 


2,001 


17 


817 


7 


11,719 


7 


192 


11 


313 


17 


217 


12 


143 


8 


1,821 


1 


412 


7 


834 


14 


760 


12 


376 


6 


6,143 


3 


3,773 


13 


2,810 


10 


419 


1 


2,239 


8 


28,543 


16 


594 


5 


2,353 


18 


3,302 


25 


645 


5 


13,038 


7 


801 


6 


3,307 


27 


2,977 


24 


546 


4 


12,440 


7 


1,647 


6 


2,361 


9 


494 


2 


2,135 


8 


27,312 


15 


126 


8 


161 


10 


25 


2 


35 


2 


1,607 


1 


6 


1 


19 


2 


6 


1 


24 


3 


879 





997 


5 


888 


4 


138 


1 


2,140 


10 


20,830 


12 



13,298 7 18,561 10 11,081 6 13,618 8 179,831 100 



30 



TABLE E-26.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 



Equipment operated grouping 2 to < 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 713 

Belt 367 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 893 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 307 

Drill (surface) 485 

Explosives 97 

Front-end loader-forklift 2,937 

Grader-scraper 294 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 3,899 

Hoist-elevator 30 

Many equipment 391 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,867 

Plant equipment 4,920 

Pump 171 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,522 

Shuttle car-locomotive 432 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 180 

Truck (haulage) 4,297 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 441 

Welding machine-lathe 831 

None 3,599 

Not elsewhere classified 158 

Unspecified 376 

Total 31,206 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not 



1< 
to <2 



2< 

to <3 



3< 

to <5 



5< 

to <10 



10< 
to s20 



20 < Unspecified 



Total 



Median, 



521 


454 


518 


1,142 


960 


508 


272 


5,088 


6 


79 


67 


54 


165 


120 


43 


40 


936 


3 


558 


380 


539 


1,032 


738 


319 


385 


4,843 


5 


252 


94 


339 


324 


213 


13 


45 


1,586 


4 


280 


203 


253 


654 


416 


118 


183 


2,591 


5 


129 


67 


67 


131 


74 


10 


13 


588 


3 


2,097 


1,694 


2,262 


3,325 


2,649 


1,031 


1,101 


17,096 


5 


151 


134 


215 


367 


266 


32 


71 


1,529 


5 


2,797 


2,090 


2,988 


7,348 


5,546 


1,470 


1,468 


27,609 


6 


14 


36 


118 


134 


97 


24 


8 


460 


7 


258 


316 


224 


471 


475 


120 


161 


2,417 


5 


1,609 


929 


1,088 


1,812 


1,022 


326 


789 


11,442 


2 


3,053 


1,988 


3,182 


4,612 


3,148 


913 


1,674 


23,489 


4 


99 


43 


116 


176 


85 


41 


27 


758 


4 


947 


804 


807 


1,602 


1,041 


357 


499 


7,579 


4 


280 


118 


207 


512 


162 


56 


5 


1,772 


4 


51 


44 


116 


139 


104 


52 


195 


883 


5 


2,854 


1,943 


2,379 


3,721 


2,870 


1,057 


2,366 


21.488 


4 


231 


349 


321 


847 


448 


164 


84 


2,885 


6 


587 


384 


439 


1,498 


1,276 


535 


237 


5,787 


7 


2,498 


1,937 


2,915 


6,103 


4,399 


1,718 


1,418 


24,584 


6 


32 


96 


120 


146 


76 


11 


51 


689 


4 


145 


136 


119 


228 


147 


25 


117 


1,292 


3 



19,523 14,305 19,383 36,488 26,332 8.943 



11.210 



167,391 



operated grouping, 
add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-27.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 



9-15 



Equipment operated grouping 2 1-8 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 506 

Belt 88 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 410 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 274 

Drill (surface) 178 

Explosives 62 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,982 

Grader-scraper 157 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1 ,800 

Hoist-elevator 110 

Many equipment 135 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 835 

Plant equipment 1,764 

Pump 79 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 662 

Shuttle car-locomotive 82 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 132 

Truck (haulage) 2,516 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 262 

Welding machine-lathe 534 

None 2,433 

Not elsewhere classified 74 

Unspecified 78 

Total 15,152 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



16 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 



282 


162 


885 


720 


394 


229 


221 


1,687 


5,088 


47 


84 


54 


177 


114 


76 


17 


30 


296 


936 


36 


255 


135 


887 


889 


398 


106 


181 


1,583 


4,843 


46 


28 





377 


241 


120 


49 


98 


399 


1,586 


60 


121 


74 


539 


299 


424 


106 


81 


769 


2,591 


46 


19 


13 


146 


93 


80 


29 


19 


128 


588 


50 


1,393 


558 


2,674 


2,816 


1,438 


677 


622 


4,937 


17,096 


43 


110 


34 


403 


160 


163 


3 


15 


484 


1.529 


27 


1,557 


869 


5,266 


6,248 


2,036 


1,047 


1,570 


7,217 


27.609 


55 





6 


199 


68 


13 


33 


11 


20 


460 


29 


193 


52 


742 


261 


171 


109 


71 


684 


2,417 


40 


804 


550 


1,647 


2,003 


959 


454 


355 


3,836 


11.442 


40 


1,616 


819 


3,514 


5.138 


2,430 


1,039 


988 


6,181 


23.489 


46 


30 


51 


187 


218 


59 


20 





114 


758 


22 


521 


353 


951 


1,637 


622 


293 


192 


2,347 


7,579 


39 


61 


7 


488 


341 


375 


72 


32 


316 


1,772 


40 


144 


30 


13 


59 


46 


25 


44 


389 


883 


53 


1,724 


746 


3,312 


3,209 


1,616 


695 


486 


7.184 


21.488 


34 


303 


60 


603 


474 


339 


111 


253 


481 


2.885 


49 


315 


300 


1,048 


1,209 


498 


233 


187 


1,462 


5.787 


41 


1,329 


676 


3,718 


4,393 


2,129 


1,236 


667 


8,006 


24.584 


42 


13 


49 


135 


159 


90 


21 


10 


137 


689 


30 


79 


47 


139 


216 


161 


54 


57 


461 


1.292 


53 



10,979 5,644 28.048 30,965 14,639 6.658 6.188 



49.118 



•c'39' 



31 



TABLE E-28.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 



Equipment operated grouping 2 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 48 121 352 384 599 

Belt 17 17 35 120 135 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 10 129 288 488 717 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 46 13 75 128 422 

Drill (surface) 37 119 157 272 382 

Explosives 12 42 32 32 121 

Front-end loader-forklift 352 771 1,336 1,635 2,581 

Grader-scraper 40 60 111 153 275 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 200 672 1,392 2,453 4,643 

Hoist-elevator 17 40 55 

Many equipment 29 84 242 184 430 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 662 937 1,378 1,356 1,980 

Plant equipment 348 1,239 2,028 2,397 3,786 

Pump 5 30 77 106 113 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 105 472 533 673 1,077 

Shuttle car-locomotive 20 98 210 215 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 32 77 68 95 114 

Truck (haulage) 405 1,252 1,951 1,890 3,091 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 92 106 223 411 

Welding machine-lathe 73 112 342 375 776 

None 147 482 888 1,194 3,222 

Not elsewhere classified 25 28 83 36 91 

Unspecified 15 61 116 127 254 

Total 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 25,490 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



627 


1,162 


1,708 


87 


5,086 


43 


162 


241 


182 


27 


936 


40 


786 


1,213 


1,130 


82 


4,843 


41 


364 


350 


188 





1,586 


37 


319 


580 


623 


102 


2,591 


40 


41 


117 


161 


29 


588 


41 


2,232 


3,384 


3,984 


821 


17,096 


39 


170 


403 


279 


38 


1,529 


39 


5,148 


6,765 


5,944 


392 


27,609 


40 


49 


152 


147 





460 


44 


429 


468 


445 


106 


2,417 


38 


1,453 


1,851 


1,516 


310 


11,442 


35 


3,411 


4,802 


4,946 


533 


23,489 


39 


92 


163 


171 





758 


39 


1,190 


1,896 


1,519 


113 


7,579 


39 


332 


484 


408 


5 


1,772 


40 


93 


212 


192 





883 


39 


2,681 


4,329 


4,514 


1,376 


21 ,488 


39 


307 


856 


853 


31 


2,885 


43 


862 


1,660 


1,472 


114 


5,787 


41 


3,898 


6,834 


7,504 


417 


24,584 


43 


90 


175 


147 


13 


689 


39 


98 


220 


370 


31 


1,292 


40 



24,833 38,318 38,402 



4,627 



167,391 



40 



TABLE E-29.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 



Male 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 5,040 3 

Belt 919 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 4,820 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 1,566 1 

Drill (surface) 2,528 2 

Explosives 562 

Front-end loader-forklift 16,728 10 

Grader-scraper 1,522 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 27,392 17 

Hoist-elevator 408 

Many equipment 2,382 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 10,830 7 

Plant equipment 22,821 14 

Pump 752 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 6,155 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1,747 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 877 1 

Truck (haulage) 21,075 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,794 2 

Welding machine-lathe 5,757 4 

None 23,326 14 

Not elsewhere classified 658 

Unspecified 1,225 1 

Total 161,883 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecified 




Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


36 


1 


11 


1 


5,088 


3 


17 











936 


1 








23 


2 


4,843 


3 


14 





7 


1 


1,586 


1 








63 


6 


2,591 


2 


26 


1 








588 





223 


5 


145 


15 


17,096 


10 








7 


1 


1,529 


1 


126 


3 


91 


9 


27,609 


16 


46 


1 


6 


1 


460 





30 


1 


5 


1 


2,417 


1 


513 


11 


99 


10 


11,442 


7 


505 


11 


163 


17 


23,489 


14 


6 











758 





1,420 


31 


3 





7,579 


5 


20 





5 


1 


1,772 


1 


6 











883 


1 


243 


5 


169 


17 


21,488 


13 


85 


2 


6 


1 


2,885 


2 


23 


1 


7 


1 


5,787 


3 


1,097 


24 


161 


16 


24,584 


15 


31 


1 








689 





55 


1 


12 


1 


1,292 


1 



4,523 



100 



984 



100 



167,391 



100 



32 



TABLE E-30.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 



White Black 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 4,400 3 307 2 

Belt 675 168 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 3,860 3 369 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 1,240 1 108 1 

Drill (surface) 2,103 2 249 2 

Explosives 450 12 

Front-end loader-forklift 14,150 10 1,326 11 

Grader-scraper 1,258 1 86 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 22,955 17 1,608 13 

Hoist-elevator 286 113 1 

Many equipment 2,002 1 76 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 7,816 6 1,526 12 

Plant equipment 18,334 13 2,560 21 

Pump 586 93 1 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 6,577 5 304 2 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1,403 1 109 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 686 1 146 1 

Truck (haulage) 17,745 13 1,293 10 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,299 2 166 1 

Welding machine-lathe 4,978 4 204 2 

None 21,774 16 1,256 10 

Not elsewhere classified 516 111 1 

Unspecified 844 1 226 2 

Total 136,940 100 12,413 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



281 

78 

378 

171 

150 

81 

1,258 

155 

2,535 

61 

286 

1,713 

1,984 

75 

543 

195 

33 

1,660 

335 

468 

1,042 

53 

173 



2 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 

18 

2 

12 

14 
1 
4 
1 


12 
2 
3 
8 

1 



67 

7 

177 

53 

40 

45 

197 

16 

323 



41 

248 

388 



101 

51 

6 

382 

72 

128 

241 

9 

34 



3 

7 
2 
2 
2 
7 
1 

12 

2 
9 

15 

4 
2 


15 
3 
5 
9 

1 



32 

7 

60 

13 

49 



166 

14 

188 



12 

140 

223 

4 

53 

16 

12 

407 

13 

9 

271 



15 



2 

3 
1 
3 


10 
1 

11 


1 

8 

13 



3 

1 

1 

24 

1 

1 

16 



1 



5,088 

936 

4,843 

1,586 

2,591 

588 

17,096 

1,529 

27,609 

460 

2,417 

11,442 

23,489 

758 

7,579 

1,772 

883 

21,488 

2,885 

5,787 

24,584 

689 

1,292 



13,708 100 



2,626 



100 



1,703 



3 
1 
3 
1 
2 


10 
1 

16 

1 
7 

14 

5 
1 
1 

13 
2 
3 

15 

1 



100 167,391 100 



33 



TABLE E-31.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 

Equipment operated grouping 2 elementary school diploma diploma college degree P 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 593 12 1,301 26 2,429 48 239 5 285 6 15 226 4 5,088 3 

Belt 65 7 280 30 431 46 38 4 48 5 73 8 936 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 407 8 807 17 2,659 55 252 5 341 7 41 1 336 7 4,843 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 176 11 348 22 772 49 113 7 126 8 44 3 7 1,586 1 

Drill (surface) 296 11 670 26 1,097 42 148 6 165 6 3 213 8 2,591 2 

Explosives 80 14 118 20 256 44 66 11 68 12 588 

Front-end loader-forklitt 1,609 9 3,363 20 8,572 50 973 6 840 5 198 1 1,541 9 17,096 10 

Grader-scraper 148 10 315 21 776 51 51 3 38 2 200 13 1,529 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1,484 5 3,866 14 12,417 45 4,221 15 2,982 11 483 2 2,156 8 27,609 16 

Hoist-elevator 85 18 124 27 160 35 47 10 23 5 8 2 14 3 460 

Many equipment 82 3 337 14 1,034 43 159 7 160 7 128 5 516 21 2,417 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,486 13 2,125 19 5,344 47 570 5 826 7 166 1 924 8 11,442 7 

Plant equipment 2,031 9 4,206 18 11,859 50 1,366 6 1,776 8 425 2 1,827 8 23,489 14 

Pump 45 6 182 24 350 46 42 6 56 7 19 2 63 8 758 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 147 2 703 9 3,382 45 471 6 1,430 19 945 12 501 7 7,579 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 168 9 272 15 962 54 125 7 179 10 25 1 42 2 1,772 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 135 15 288 33 393 44 6 1 25 3 6 1 30 3 883 1 

Truck (haulage) 1,946 9 4,715 22 10,543 49 1,022 5 959 4 144 1 2,159 10 21,488 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 178 6 368 13 1,482 51 169 6 360 12 240 8 88 3 2,885 2 

Welding machine-lathe 429 7 786 14 2,615 45 806 14 629 11 141 2 382 7 5,787 3 

None 1,178 5 2,380 10 9,076 37 1,494 6 3,801 15 5,036 20 1,619 7 24,584 15 

Not elsewhere classified 79 11 144 21 270 39 66 10 82 12 6 1 42 6 689 

Unspecified 164 13 206 16 668 52 52 4 54 4 33 3 115 9 1,292 1 

Total 13,012 8 27,904 17 77,548 46 12,498 7 15,254 9 8,103 5 13,072 8 167,391 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



34 



TABLE E-32.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates job, company, and mining experience, by work location 



S u rf 3 C 6 3t 

Underground mine , „ . , . _. Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Experience, yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to «s1 1,893 19 471 11 16,152 19 11,608 18 3,051 17 33,176 18 

1< to £2 1,171 12 583 14 9,815 12 7,268 11 2,194 12 21,032 12 

2< to S3 939 10 369 9 7,561 9 4,966 8 1,723 10 15,558 9 

3< to s5 1,515 16 640 15 8,968 11 7,554 12 2,110 12 20,787 12 

5<tos10 2,629 27 1,085 26 17,221 20 14,306 23 3,957 22 39,198 22 

10< to £20 1,353 14 863 21 13,088 15 10,226 16 2,703 15 28,233 16 

20< 68 1 123 3 5,109 6 3,305 5 1,164 6 9,769 5 

Unspecified 149 2 63 2 6,658 8 4,099 6 1,109 6 12,079 7 

Total 9.717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

Median yr.... 5 NAp 6 NAp 5 MAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0<tO£l 1,459 15 584 14 12,249 14 6,168 10 2,402 13 22,861 13 

1< to £5 2,038 21 804 19 22,644 27 12.725 20 4,685 26 42,897 24 

5<tos10 3,090 32 976 23 17,026 20 14.918 24 4,394 24 40,403 22 

10<to<15 1,454 15 694 17 12,044 14 9,999 16 2,606 14 26,797 15 

15< to <;20 912 9 390 9 7,581 9 7.773 12 1,345 7 18.001 10 

20 < to £ 25 454 5 259 6 3,917 5 4,159 7 799 4 9,587 5 

25< to s30 122 1 133 3 2.792 3 2.929 5 566 3 6,541 4 

30< 161 2 312 7 3.797 4 3.466 5 778 4 8,514 5 

Unspecified 27 44 1 2.524 3 1.197 2 437 2 4,229 2 

Total 9.717 100 4.197 100 84.572 100 63.332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

Median yr.... 8 NAp 9 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0<tos1 321 3 110 3 7,918 9 4,055 6 1.610 9 14,014 8 

1< to S5 1,278 13 529 13 16,222 19 8.967 14 3.508 19 30.504 17 

5<tOfi10 2.805 29 612 15 15.899 19 14.065 22 3.672 20 37,053 21 

10<tos15 1,940 20 670 16 12,269 15 9,946 16 2,308 13 27,134 15 

15< to <20 1,340 14 587 14 7.992 9 7,748 12 1,355 8 19.022 11 

20< to <25 664 7 362 9 4,272 5 4.244 7 906 5 10,448 6 

25< to <30 216 2 244 6 3,080 4 2,879 5 561 3 6,981 4 

30< 275 3 450 11 4,210 5 3,427 5 880 5 9,242 5 

Unspecified 878 9 632 15 12.709 15 8.001 13 3.213 18 25,433 14 

Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179.831 100 

Median yr.... 11 NAp 15 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 9 NAp 10 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-33.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates training received, by work location 



35 



... . . Surface at 

Job training for Underground m.ne underground mine 

last 2 hr, h — — 

Workers pet Workers pet 

625 6 200 5 

1-8 369 4 411 10 

9-15 27 198 5 

16 3,208 33 1,026 24 

17-40 1,569 16 466 11 

41-80 1,272 13 515 12 

81-160 365 4 307 7 

161 + 371 4 159 4 

Unspecified 1,912 20 914 22 

Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 

Mean training h.... 43 NAp 47 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Surface mine Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



8,937 

5,703 

2,312 

13,623 

12,695 

7,571 

3,359 

2,923 

27,450 



11 
7 
3 

16 

15 
9 
4 
3 

32 



4,581 
4,040 
2,946 
9,573 

15,406 
4,881 
2,409 
2,667 

16,830 



7 

6 

5 

15 

24 

8 

4 

4 

27 



3,197 

1,257 

463 

1,576 

2,006 

1,269 

599 

429 

7,215 



18 
7 
3 
9 

11 
7 
3 
2 

40 



17,541 

1 1 ,780 

5,945 

29,006 

32,142 

15,508 

7,040 

6,549 

54,321 



84,572 
43 



100 
NAp 



63,332 
46 



100 
NAp 



18,012 
39 



100 
NAp 



179,831 
44 



10 
7 
3 

16 

18 
9 
4 
4 

30 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-34.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates age distribution, by work location 



Underground mine . _ . _. Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 
Aqg vr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 100 1 19 1,472 2 930 1 301 2 2,823 2 

21-23 174 2 41 1 4,164 5 2,184 3 681 4 7,245 4 

24-26 606 6 219 5 6,613 8 3,915 6 1,008 6 12,360 7 

27-29 1,121 12 378 9 7,236 9 5,439 9 1,446 8 15,619 9 

30-34 1,935 20 558 13 12,493 15 9,739 15 2,511 14 27,236 15 

35-39 1,965 20 495 12 11,529 14 9,962 16 3,013 17 26,965 15 

40-49 2,205 23 1,160 28 18,047 21 15,730 25 4,138 23 41,280 23 

50+ 1,586 16 1,326 32 19,509 23 14,498 23 4,390 24 41,309 23 

Unspecified 27 3,508 4 934 1 524 3 4,994 3 

Total 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 43 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



36 



TABLE E-35.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates sex, race, and education, by work location 



Surfscs 3t 
Underground mine . . Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

3 underground mine 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


9,493 


98 


4,029 


96 


82,850 


98 


61,463 


97 


9,410 


52 


167,245 


93 


165 


2 


118 


3 


1,196 


1 


1,529 


2 


8,513 


47 


11,522 


6 


59 


1 


49 


1 


526 


1 


340 


1 


89 





1,063 


1 



Sex: 

Male 

Female 

Unspecified 

Total 

Race: 

White 

Black 

Hispanic 

Other 

Unspecified 

Total 

Education level: 

Some elementary 

Some high school 

High school diploma . 
Vocational diploma.... 

Some college 

College degree 

Unspecified 

Total 



9,717 



9,717 



9,717 



100 



100 



100 



4,197 



100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 



8,425 


87 


3,707 


88 


69,452 


82 


50,300 


79 


16,479 


91 


148,363 


83 


246 


3 


220 


5 


5,349 


6 


6,541 


10 


317 


2 


12,672 


7 


773 


8 


198 


5 


7,140 


8 


5,253 


8 


749 


4 


14,113 


8 


194 


2 


48 


1 


1,521 


2 


812 


1 


229 


1 


2,803 


2 


80 


1 


24 


1 


1,110 


1 


426 


1 


239 


1 


1,879 


1 



4,197 



100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 



921 


9 


278 


7 


7,483 


9 


4,238 


7 


125 


1 


13,044 


7 


1,530 


16 


482 


11 


15,955 


19 


9,560 


15 


637 


4 


28.164 


16 


4,462 


46 


1,975 


47 


39,540 


47 


29,515 


47 


6,573 


36 


82,065 


46 


974 


10 


486 


12 


5,575 


7 


5,240 


8 


1,024 


6 


13,298 


7 


759 


8 


413 


10 


6.006 


7 


6,917 


11 


4,465 


25 


18,561 


10 


565 


6 


227 


5 


2,615 


3 


3.248 


5 


4,426 


25 


11,081 


6 


507 


5 


336 


j 


7,398 


9 


4,614 


7 


762 


4 


13.618 


8 



4,197 



100 



84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 



NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



37 



TABLE E-36.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 

Experience at 18 g _ 15 16 ^^g 41 _ 8Q 81 _ 160 161 + 
present job, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 2,417 3,197 1,114 2,780 7,175 2,936 1,607 1,702 

pet 8 10 4 9 23 9 5 5 

1< to <2: 

Workers 1,531 1,010 522 3,251 3,930 2,306 918 1,193 

pet 8 5 3 17 20 12 5 6 

2< to <3: 

Workers 1,501 872 442 2,536 2,000 1,357 881 952 

pet 10 6 3 18 14 9 6 7 

3< to s5: 

Workers 2,177 1,211 721 3,477 3,389 1,728 856 639 

pet 11 6 4 18 17 9 4 3 

5< to <10: 

Workers 3,541 2,234 1,306 7,882 6,490 3,314 1,309 768 

pet 10 6 4 22 18 9 4 2 

10< to <20: 

Workers 2,702 1,413 1,031 5,401 5,182 2,150 910 530 

pet 10 5 4 21 20 8 3 2 

20<: 

Workers 916 533 306 2,010 1,990 603 112 187 

pet 10 6 3 22 22 7 1 2 

Unspecified: 

Workers 369 507 202 713 810 246 65 217 

pet 3 5 2 6 7 2 1 2_ 

Total: 

Workers 15,152 10,979 5,644 28,048 30,965 14,639 6,658 6,188 

pet '■ 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4_ 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified Total Mean, h 



8,280 


31 ,206 


54 


27 


100 


NAp 


4,862 


19,523 


56 


25 


100 


NAp 


3,765 


14,305 


59 


26 


100 


NAp 


5,186 


19,383 


43 


27 


100 


NAp 


9,644 


36,488 


33 


26 


100 


NAp 


7,013 


26,332 


34 


27 


100 


NAp 


2,286 


8,943 


31 


26 


100 


NAp 


8,082 


11,210 


47 


72 


100 


NAp 


49,118 


167,391 


44 


29 


100 


NAp 



38 



TABLE E-37.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 



™? ?nh l\ 15 " 20 21 " 23 24 " 26 27 " 29 

present job, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 1,677 3,304 4,192 4,052 

pet 5 11 13 13 

1< to <2: 

Workers 458 1,294 2,142 2,226 

pet 2 7 11 11 

2< to <3: 

Workers 185 892 1,470 1,695 

pet 1 6 10 12 

3< to <5: 

Workers 140 636 1,652 1,981 

pet 1 3 9 10 

5< to <10: 

Workers 242 1,585 3,578 

pet 1 4 10 

10< to <20: 

Workers 220 

pet 1 

20<: 

Workers 

pet 

Unspecified: 

Workers 152 463 664 820 

pet 14 6 7 

Total: 

Workers 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 

pet 2 4 7 9_ 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 



5,401 


3,826 


4,831 


2,954 


970 


31,206 


34 


17 


12 


15 


9 


3 


100 


NAp 


3,900 


2,800 


3,657 


2,598 


448 


19,523 


36 


20 


14 


19 


13 


2 


100 


NAp 


2,347 


2,349 


2,989 


2,073 


306 


14,305 


37 


16 


16 


21 


14 


2 


100 


NAp 


3,669 


3,493 


4,034 


3,399 


379 


19,383 


38 


19 


18 


21 


18 


2 


100 


NAp 


6,324 


6,700 


9,417 


8,149 


494 


36,488 


41 


17 


18 


26 


22 


1 


100 


NAp 


2,380 


4,238 


9,291 


9,728 


474 


26,332 


46 


9 


16 


35 


37 


2 


100 


NAp 





48 


1,808 


6,988 


100 


8,943 


55 





1 


20 


78 


1 


100 


NAp 


1,471 


1,378 


2,292 


2,513 


1,457 


11,210 


40 


13 


12 


20 


22 


13 


100 


NAp 


!5,490 


24,833 


38,318 


38,402 


4,627 


167.391 


40 


15 


15 


23 


23 


3 


100 


NAp 



TABLE E-38.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 



Experience at ae 

Present job, yr Workers pet 

0< to =s1 29,726 18 

1< to <2 18,861 12 

2< to <3 13,741 8 

3< to <5 18,854 12 

5< to =£10 35,218 22 

10< to <20 25,860 16 

20< 8.809 5 

Unspecified 10,814 7 

Total 161,883 100 

Median yr.... 5 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspeci 


tied 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


1,228 


27 


252 


26 


31.206 


19 


585 


13 


77 


8 


19,523 


12 


472 


10 


92 


9 


14,305 


9 


470 


10 


60 


6 


19,383 


12 


1,154 


26 


116 


12 


36,488 


22 


309 


7 


163 


17 


26,332 


16 


64 


1 


70 


7 


8,943 


5 


241 


5 


155 


16 


11.210 


7 


4,523 


100 


984 


100 


167.391 


100 


3 


NAp 


3 


NAp 


5 


NAp 



TABLE E-39.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 



39 



Experience at White Black His P anic 

present job, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers 

0<tO£l 25,388 19 2,183 18 2,581 

1< to <;2 15,525 11 1,319 11 1,976 

2< to £3 11,866 9 832 7 1,205 

3< to £5 15,859 12 1,450 12 1,722 

5< to £10 29,475 22 2,710 22 3,517 

10< to £20 21,885 16 2,280 18 1,727 

20< , 7,874 6 515 4 386 

Unspecified 9,068 7 1,125 J* 596 

Total 136,940 100 12,413 100 13,708 

Median yr.... 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



19 

14 

9 

13 

26 

13 

3 

4 



527 
504 
299 
274 
559 
277 
71 
115 



20 
19 
11 
10 
21 
11 
3 
4 



527 
200 
104 

79 
226 
163 

98 
306 



31 

12 

6 

5 

13 

10 

6 

18 



100 
NAp 



2,626 
3 



100 
NAp 



1,703 
2 



100 
NAp 



31,206 
19,523 
14,305 
19,383 
36,488 
26,332 
8,943 
11,210 



167,391 
5 



19 

12 

9 

12 

22 

16 

5 

7 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-40.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational 

Experience at elementary school diploma diploma 

present job, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0<to<1 1,639 13 5,060 18 15,296 20 2,599 21 

1< to s2 1,060 8 3,273 12-9,298 12 1,339 11 

2< to £3 883 7 2,405 9 6,956 9 1,008 8 

3< to <5 1,500 12 3,175 11 8,889 11 1,768 14 

5< to £10 3,031 23 5,888 21 16,934 22 2,921 23 

10< to <20 2,752 21 4,841 17 12,246 16 1,958 16 

20< 1,366 10 1,832 7 3,865 5 401 3 

Unspecified _ 781 6 1,432 5 4,065 5 503 4 

Total 13,012 100 27,904 100 77,548 100 12,498 100 

Median yr.... 7 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Some college 



College 
degree 



Unspecified 



Total 



tr 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



3,155 
1,862 
1,557 
1,884 
3,626 
2,132 
523 
514 



21 
12 
10 
12 
24 
14 
3 
3 



1,674 

1,140 

821 

1,093 

1,925 

813 

361 

276 



21 
14 
10 
13 
24 
10 
4 
3 



1,785 
1,551 

675 
1,075 
2,163 
1,590 

595 
3,638 



14 

12 

5 

8 

17 

12 

5 

28 



31,206 
19,523 
14,305 
19,383 
36,488 
26,332 
8,943 
11,210 



15,254 
4 



100 
NAp 



8,103 
4 



100 
NAp 



13,072 
5 



100 
NAp 



19 

12 

9 

12 

22 

16 

5 

7 



167,391 100 
5 NAp 



40 



TABLE E-41.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 

Experience at Q 1 _ 8 g_ 15 16 17 _ 4Q 41 _ 80 81 _ 160 161+ unspecified Tota | Mean, h 

present company, yr 

0< to £1: 

Wbrkers 1,965 2,821 1,145 1,509 4,003 2,006 728 712 6,356 21,245 43 

pet 9 13 5 7 19 9 3 3 30 100 NAp 

1< to £5: 

Workers 3,922 2,209 1,066 5,203 6,030 4,186 1,987 2,191 12,922 39,718 60 

pet 10 6 3 13 15 11 5 6 33 100 NAp 

5< to £10: 

Workers 3,544 2,199 1,150 7,940 6,439 3,748 1,580 1,300 9,428 37,328 42 

pet 9 6 3 21 17 10 4 3 25 100 NAp 

10< to £15: 

Workers 2,240 1,470 744 4,878 4,622 1,986 1,119 773 7,045 24,878 39 

pet 9 6 3 20 19 8 4 3 28 100 NAp 

15< to £20: 

Workers 1,449 920 593 3,126 4,492 1,211 591 390 4,352 17,124 34 

pet 8 5 3 18 26 7 3 2 25 100 NAp 

20 < to £25: 

Workers 494 550 362 1,893 2,022 619 211 208 2,651 9,011 31 

pet 564 2122722 29 100 NAp 

25 < to £30: 

Workers 481 233 247 1,568 1,280 322 167 177 1,674 6,147 35 

pet 8 4 4 26 21 5 3 3 27 100 NAp 

30<: 

Workers 800 486 216 1,770 1,640 363 263 262 2,263 8,064 33 

pet 10 6 3 22 20 5 3 3 28 100 NAp 

Unspecified: 

Workers 258 90 122 160 436 199 11 174 2,427 3,876 78 

pet 7234 11 504 63 100 NAp 

Total: 

Workers 15,152 10,979 5,644 28,048 30,965 14,639 6,658 6,188 49,118 167,391 44 

pet 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4 29 100 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



41 



TABLE E-42.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by years of age 

Experience at 1520 2123 24 _ 26 2729 3034 353g ^^g 5Q+ unspecified Total Mean, yr 
present company, yr _ 

0< to <1: 

Workers 1,584 2,940 3,171 2,359 2,799 2,191 3,045 2,197 960 21,245 33 

pet 7 14 15 11 13 10 14 10 5 100 NAp 

1< to £5: 

Workers 955 3,485 5,502 5,170 6,774 5,306 6,618 4,466 1,442 39,718 35 

pet 2 9 14 13 17 13 17 11 4 100 NAp 

5< to <10: 

Workers 298 2,733 6,083 8,879 6,370 7,230 5,132 603 37,328 37 

pet 1 7 16 24 17 19 14 2 100 NAp 

10<to£l5: 

Workers 733 6,162 6,533 6,444 4,705 302 24,878 41 

pet 3 25 26 26 19 1 100 NAp 

15< to <20: 

Workers 456 3,784 7,818 4,900 166 17,124 46 

pet 3 22 46 29 1 100 NAp 

20 < to <25: 

Workers 357 4,764 3,833 56 9,011 49 

pet 4 53 43 1 100 NAp 

25 < to <30: 

Workers 1,549 4,516 82 6,147 54 

pet 25 73 1 100 NAp 

30<: 

Workers 195 7,818 51 8,064 58 

pet 2 97 1 100 NAp 

Unspecified: 

Workers 74 108 299 228 421 291 655 835 966 3,876 40 

pet 2 3 (3 6 11 8 17 22 25 100 NAp 

Total: 

Workers 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 25,490 24,833 38,318 38,402 4,627 167,391 40 

pet 2 4 7 9 15 15 23 234 3 100 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



42 



TABLE E-43.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 



Experience at Male 

present company, yr Workers pet 

0< to <1 20,203 12 

1< to <5 38,063 24 

5< to £10 35,751 22 

10< to £15 24,122 15 

15< to £20 16,952 10 

20< to <25 8,898 5 

25< to <30 6,102 4 

30< 8,056 5 

Unspecified 3,735 2 

Total 161,883 100 

Median yr.... 8 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


866 


19 


176 


18 


21,245 


13 


1,399 


31 


255 


26 


39,718 


24 


1,424 


31 


153 


16 


37,328 


22 


643 


14 


112 


11 


24,878 


15 


85 


2 


88 


9 


17,124 


10 


46 


1 


66 


7 


9,011 


5 


21 





24 


2 


6,147 


4 


8 











8,064 


5 


30 


1 


110 


11 


3,876 


2 


4,523 


100 


984 


100 


167.391 


100 


5 


NAp 


6 


NAp 


8 


NAp 



TABLE E-44.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Experience at White Black 
present company, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0<tO<1 17,327 13 1,313 

1< to £5 32,889 24 2,261 

5< to <10 30,172 22 2,709 

10<tO<15 20,043 15 2,547 

15< to <20 13,962 10 1,433 

20< to <25 7,560 6 785 

25< to <30 5,380 4 391 

30< 6,766 5 651 

Unspecified 2,842 2 323 

Total 136,940 100 12,413 

Median yr.... 8 NAp 10 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



11 

18 

22 

21 

12 

6 

3 

5 

3 



1,788 

3,472 

3,584 

1,692 

1,425 

490 

256 

589 

413 



13 

25 

26 

12 

10 

4 

2 

4 

3 



420 

688 

556 

454 

212 

119 

66 

46 

66 



16 

26 

21 

17 

8 

5 

2 

2 

3 



398 

408 

307 

143 

91 

57 

55 

13 

232 



23 

24 

18 

8 

5 

3 

3 

1 

14 



21,245 

39,718 

37,328 

24,878 

17,124 

9,011 

6,147 

8,064 

3,876 



100 
NAp 



13.708 

7 



100 
NAp 



2.626 

7 



100 
NAp 



1,703 
5 



100 
NAp 



167,391 
8 



100 
NAp 



TABLE E-45.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 



Some Some high High school 

Experience at elementary school diploma 

present company, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0<tO<1 1,281 10 3,475 12 10,117 13 

1<to<5 2,311 18 6.408 23 19,079 25 

5<to<10 2,342 18 5,592 20 17,165 22 

10<tos15 1,905 15 3,899 14 11,672 15 

15< to <20 1,678 13 3,285 12 8,072 10 

20 < to < 25 836 6 1,651 6 4,472 6 

25 < to < 30 971 7 1,405 5 2,418 3 

30< 1,551 12 1,579 6 3,235 4 

Unspecified 137 1 611 2 1,317 2 

Total 13,012 100 27,904 100 77,548 100 

Median yr.... 12 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Vocational 
diploma 



Some 
college 



College 
degree 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



1,835 

3,191 

3,063 

1,936 

1,260 

411 

273 

350 

178 



15 
26 
25 

15 
10 
3 
2 
3 
1 



2,074 

3,682 

4.094 

2,458 

1.178 

681 

366 

417 

305 



14 

24 

27 

16 

8 

4 

2 

3 

2 



886 

2,138 

2.507 

1,194 

492 

257 

209 

269 

151 



11 

26 

31 

15 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 



1,577 

2.909 

2,566 

1.814 

1,159 

703 

506 

663 

1.176 



12 
22 
20 

14 
9 
5 
4 
5 
9 



21.245 

39,718 

37,328 

24.878 

17,124 

9,011 

6.147 

8,064 

3,876 



13 
24 
22 

15 
10 
5 
4 
5 
2 



12,498 100 15,254 100 8,103 100 13.072 100 167,391 100 
7 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 



43 



TABLE E-46.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College unsoec'f'ed T tal 

A r elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 95 4 535 20 1,335 51 220 8 254 10 15 1 159 6 2,612 100 

21-23 257 4 1,071 16 3,656 54 570 8 547 8 145 2 586 9 6,831 100 

24-26 350 3 1,679 14 6,645 57 912 8 951 8 418 4 750 6 11,705 100 

27-29 413 3 1,956 13 7,744 53 1,408 10 1,450 10 750 5 850 6 14,572 100 

30-34 929 4 3,283 13 12,784 50 2,153 8 3,084 12 1,689 7 1,568 6 25,490 100 

35-39 1,062 4 3,269 13 11,445 46 2,310 9 3,212 13 1,825 7 1,710 7 24,833 100 

40-49 3,198 8 7,463 19 17,197 45 2,816 7 3,253 8 1,765 5 2,626 7 38,318 100 

50+ 6,587 17 8,086 21 14,922 39 1,944 5 2,313 6 1,328 3 3,222 8 38,402 100 

Unspecified 121 3 563 12 1,820 39 165 4 191 4 167 4 1,601 35 4,627 100 

Total 13,012 8 27,904 17 77,548 46 12,498 7 15,254 9 8,103 5 13,072 8 167,391 100 

Mean age yr.... 48 NAp 42 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



TABLE E-47.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 



Male 

Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 2,515 2 

21-23 6,505 4 

24-26 11,195 7 

27-29 13,859 9 

30-34 24,693 15 

35-39 23,948 15 

40-49 37,124 23 

50+ 37,623 23 

Unspecified 4,421 3 

Total 161,883 100 

Mean age yr.... 40 NAp 

Race: 

White 132,846 82 

Black 11,885 7 

Hispanic 13,413 8 

Other 2,520 2 

Unspecified 1,219 1 

Total 161,883 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary 12,823 8 

Some high school 27,264 17 

High school diploma 74,997 46 

Vocational diploma 12,031 7 

Some college 14,513 9 

College degree 7,657 5 

Unspecified 12,598 8 

Total 161,883 100 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 



Unspecified 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Total 



Workers 



pet 



91 


2 


6 


1 


2,612 


2 


203 


4 


123 


12 


6,831 


4 


450 


10 


60 


6 


1 1 ,705 


7 


613 


14 


100 


10 


14,572 


9 


721 


16 


76 


8 


25,490 


15 


765 


17 


121 


12 


24,833 


15 


1,005 


22 


189 


19 


38,318 


23 


616 


14 


163 


17 


38,402 


23 


59 


1 


146 


15 


4,627 


3 



4,523 
37 



100 
NAp 



984 
38 



4,523 



100 



984 



4,523 



100 



984 



100 
NAp 



100 



100 



167,391 
40 



167,391 



167,391 



100 
NAp 



3,753 


83 


341 


35 


136,940 


82 


419 


9 


110 


11 


12,413 


7 


261 


6 


34 


3 


13,708 


8 


76 


2 


30 


3 


2,626 


2 


15 





470 


48 


1,703 


1 



100 



152 


3 


36 


4 


13,012 


8 


520 


11 


120 


12 


27,904 


17 


2,197 


49 


354 


36 


77,548 


46 


338 


7 


129 


13 


12,498 


7 


696 


15 


45 


5 


15,254 


9 


387 


9 


60 


6 


8,103 


5 


234 


5 


240 


24 


13,072 


8 



100 



44 



TABLE E-48.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 



White Black 

Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 2,198 2 

21-23 5,516 4 

24-26 9,411 7 

27-29 11,961 9 

30-34 20,690 15 

35-39 20,248 15 

40-49 30,941 23 

50+ 32,264 24 

Unspecified 3,531 3 

Total 136,940 100 12,413 

Mean age yr.... 40 NAp 41 

Education level: 

Some elementary 8,546 6 1,969 

Some high school 21,100 15 3,354 

High school diploma 66,214 48 4,614 

Vocational diploma 10,746 8 613 

Some college 13,240 10 520 

College degree 7,534 6 120 

Unspecified 9,560 7 1,223 

Total 136,940 100 12,413 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 



Hispanic 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


163 


1 


189 


1 


43 


2 


19 


1 


2,612 


2 


368 


3 


689 


5 


107 


4 


152 


9 


6,831 


4 


664 


5 


1,240 


9 


255 


10 


135 


8 


11,705 


7 


939 


8 


1,272 


9 


252 


10 


148 


9 


14,572 


9 


2,024 


16 


2,098 


15 


437 


17 


241 


14 


25,490 


15 


1,801 


15 


2,100 


15 


340 


13 


165 


10 


24,833 


15 


3,429 


28 


3,121 


23 


572 


22 


256 


15 


38,318 


23 


2,946 


24 


2,444 


18 


539 


21 


208 


12 


38,402 


23 


81 


1 


556 


4 


80 


3 


379 


22 


4,627 


3 



100 13,708 100 2,626 100 1,703 100 167,391 100 
NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 36 NAp 40 NAp 



16 


2,325 


17 


152 


6 


18 


1 


13,012 


8 


27 


2,748 


20 


499 


19 


204 


12 


27,904 


17 


37 


5,122 


37 


1,174 


45 


424 


25 


77,548 


46 


5 


722 


5 


257 


10 


160 


9 


12,498 


7 


4 


1,119 


8 


297 


11 


79 


5 


15,254 


9 


1 


191 


1 


112 


4 


146 


9 


8,103 


5 


10 


1,481 


11 


135 


5 


673 


39 


13,072 


8 



100 13,708 100 2,626 



100 



1,703 



100 167,391 



100 



TABLE E-49. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— employment size class, by type of ore mined 



Employment size Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 

class1 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

1-19 1,771 1_6.0 18,511 4.4 25,200 3.3 3.825 5.4 49,307 2.4 

20-49 1,695 27.3 17,215 7.8 9,117 14.1 4,062 8.9 32.088 3.9 

50-99 2,101 15.5 10,145 6.0 2,444 9.7 4,360 7.4 19,050 5.4 

100-249 7,715 6.6 23.219 3.4 339 5.7 9,049 7.3 40,322 4.0 

250-499 5,590 1.0 3,726 .8 .0 5,514 6.3 14,829 2.3 

500+ 1 7,068 .5 540 5.4 XI 6,625 1 .8 24,233 .7 

All groupings 35,940 1.4 73,357 1.1 37,100 3.0 33,434 2.9 179,831 B_ 

^SHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



45 



TABLE E-50.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 

and coefficient of variation— job title, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 557 28.6 2,118 7.4 1,279 13.1 983 11.4 4,937 6.8 

Beltman-belt repairman 127 69.1 319 11.0 208 20.8 146 52.0 800 13.8 

Blaster 189 26.2 336 11.7 3 100.0 77 50.4 605 12.9 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 12 65.8 171 37.3 853 7.5 68 13.1 1,103 10.9 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,040 10.2 1,775 7.2 1,381 13.4 1,092 8.6 5,288 4.1 

Driller-rock bolter 1,029 12.2 2,058 2.8 56 33.2 558 17.7 3,700 4.7 

Electrician-lampman 1,663 7.8 1,433 4.3 75 21.0 608 13.3 3,780 4.9 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 629 13.2 6,095 4.2 5,933 4.7 1,286 10.5 13,942 3.8 

Grader-scraper operator 195 28.9 415 20.4 352 30.5 361 27.8 1,323 11.8 

Uborer-miner-utility man 4,284 7.0 8,771 3.9 2,918 5.7 4,046 8.5 20,109 4.3 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1,558 6.8 4,543 3.2 3,466 2.6 2,152 5.0 11,719 2.2 

Maintenance 537 19.1 708 8.1 40 17.3 537 12.1 1,821 4.9 

Working 1,874 9.9 2,362 5.8 387 15.7 1,519 13.4 6,143 5.0 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,857 3.6 11,458 2.8 3,299 4.4 5,929 5.5 28,543 2.3 

Mine technical support 4,076 7.3 4,524 3.9 1,439 13.4 3,000 11.2 13,038 3.6 

Office worker 1,886 9.7 5,010 5.6 3,188 8.9 2,356 4.1 12,440 3.4 

Plant operator-warehouseman 5,275 2.4 11,377 1.9 3,918 2.5 6,742 4.0 27,312 1.5 

Shuttle car-tram operator 968 14.5 213 26.5 32 42.7 394 22.7 1,607 9.8 

Stonecutter-finisher .0 864 21.2 .0 15 100.0 879 20.5 

Truck driver 2,184 8.4 8,808 3.6 8,274 9.5 1,565 12.0 20,830 3.5 

All groupings 35,940 1.4 73,357 1.1 37,100 3.0 33,434 2.9 179,831 .8_ 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title groupings. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



TABLE E-51.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 



Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

Equipment operated grouping 2 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pe t Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 650 22.9 2,228 6.6 

Belt 127 69.1 404 9.8 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 961 11.0 1,616 9.7 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 823 19.0 485 25.8 

Drill (surface) 328 16.1 1,898 4.3 

Explosives 175 29.3 332 11.4 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,003 8.7 7,538 4.0 

Grader-scraper 195 28.9 427 19.8 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 7,888 2.3 10,370 3.8 

Hoist-elevator 221 16.2 36 62.1 

Many equipment 567 33.5 684 14.5 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 2,371 11.0 5,423 6.5 

Plant equipment 4,036 5.9 9,105 1.8 

Pump 195 38.4 168 23.9 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,772 13.1 3,316 4.9 

Shuttle car-locomotive 1,050 9.8 312 18.9 

Stone cutting-finishing machine .0 868 20.7 

Truck (haulage) 2,299 7.5 9,119 3.6 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 1,080 12.6 989 7.4 

Welding machine-lathe 1,632 10.3 2,904 5.9 

None 6,212 4.9 9,235 3.1 

Not elsewhere classified 294 34.0 193 33.5 

Unspecified 174 36.8 695 14.0 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


1,323 


10.8 


887 


9.7 


5,088 


5.9 


247 


24.9 


157 


47.0 


936 


13.3 


1,164 


8.1 


1,102 


14.1 


4,843 


4.8 


3 


100.0 


275 


30.7 


1,586 


16.2 


52 


37.4 


313 


25.3 


2,591 


6.2 


3 


100.0 


77 


50.4 


588 


13.3 


6,640 


4.9 


1,915 


6.1 


17,096 


3.2 


400 


25.7 


506 


17.9 


1,529 


8.7 


2,787 


4.9 


6,564 


7.3 


27,609 


1.7 





.0 


203 


43.6 


460 


23.3 


326 


20.9 


840 


9.4 


2,417 


4.3 


1,733 


9.6 


1,915 


10.8 


11,442 


6.2 


5,045 


3.7 


5,304 


4.0 


23,489 


1.6 


216 


18.0 


179 


37.4 


758 


9.0 


985 


18.0 


1,506 


7.0 


7,579 


4.8 


21 


48.8 


389 


13.6 


1,772 


4.9 





.0 


15 


106.9 


883 


19.9 


8,501 


9.0 


1,570 


12.1 


21 ,488 


3.5 


211 


13.5 


604 


18.3 


2,885 


5.3 


808 


11.3 


443 


21.0 


5,787 


4.3 


3,300 


3.7 


5,837 


5.3 


24,584 


2.6 


57 


58.1 


145 


28.9 


689 


21.9 


90 


27.1 


333 


28.4 


1,292 


10.3 



2.9 167,391 



46 



TABLE E-52.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— work location at mine, by type of ore mined 



Work location 



Metal 



Stone 



Sand and gravel 



Nonmetal 



All 



Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


Workers 


CV, pet 


4,980 


8.9 


1,094 


11.7 





.0 


3,643 


5.5 


9,717 


3.4 


1,756 


6.5 


658 


16.0 





.0 


1,783 


6.3 


4,197 


4.0 


10,992 


2.8 


35,742 


1.7 


26,631 


2.7 


11,208 


3.1 


84,572 


.9 


15,126 


3.8 


28,546 


3.1 


6,026 


8.3 


13,634 


5.6 


63,332 


2.4 


3,087 


6.3 


7,316 


4.0 


4,443 


8.5 


3,167 


6.5 


18,012 


3.0 



Underground mine 

Surface at underground mine 

Surface mine 

Plant or mill 

Office 

All groupings 35,940 



1.4 



73,357 



1.1 



37,100 



3.0 



33,434 



2.9 



179,831 



NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



TABLE E-53.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
and coefficient of variation — experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 



Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

Experience, yr 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

At present job: 

0<to<1 6,616 7.2 13,067 4.7 6,625 5.9 4,900 9.0 

1< to £2 3,665 7.2 8,365 3.7 3,812 5.1 3,681 8.8 

2< to £3 2,764 3.4 6,185 4.9 3,214 4.3 2,142 11.2 

3< to <5 3,349 4.9 8,392 5.9 3,932 2.4 3,711 5.4 

5<to<10 8,223 5.2 14,212 3.8 5,856 7.0 8,197 5.8 

10< to <20 6,492 3.2 9,702 6.0 4,884 4.8 5,253 7.8 

20< 2,117 10.0 3,814 8.9 2,172 5.3 841 12.8 

Unspecified 828 15.7 4,611 15.2 3,417 15.8 2,353 17.1 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

At present company: 

0<to<1 4,312 7.4 8,741 4.1 5,818 5.1 2,375 10.0 

1<to<5 5.915 5.7 16,500 3.5 10,698 4.9 6,604 5.5 

5<to<10 7,713 4.2 14,282 2.6 6,642 5.4 8,691 7.2 

10<to<15 5,568 4.1 9,269 3.8 3,934 4.0 6,108 4.5 

15< to <20 5,064 7.3 6,670 5.4 2.418 8.8 2,972 7.4 

20< to <25 £.188 5.7 3,550 4.8 1,281 10.6 1,992 9.3 

25< to <30 1,482 6.8 2,867 9.0 883 11.1 914 7.4 

30< 1,552 6.0 4.126 9.3 999 17.0 1,387 9.2 

Unspecified 260 40.5 2,343 19.2 1,238 20.9 35 54.3 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

Total mining: 

0<tos1 1,524 11.3 6,577 4.3 3.439 6.6 1,426 11.7 

1< to <5 3,830 5.0 12,337 3.2 7.375 3.6 4.684 7.3 

5<to<10 7,141 3.3 13.951 3.6 5,852 6.4 7,505 9.1 

10<to<15 6,413 3.4 9,500 3.6 3,835 4.0 5,713 6.4 

15< to <20 5,751 6.0 6,994 3.7 2,466 8.3 2.945 7.3 

20< to <25 2.740 7.4 3.955 4.0 1,361 11.5 1.723 10.1 

25< to <30 1.740 9.7 3.037 7.5 912 6.3 884 11.8 

30< 1,883 6.7 4,269 6.6 1,114 13.8 1.424 10.3 

Unspecified 3,032 4.6 7,727 8 .0 7.558 11.8 4.774 9.5 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68.347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31.078 2.9 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers CV, pet 



31,206 


2.5 


19,523 


3.4 


14,305 


2.6 


19,383 


2.9 


36.488 


2.2 


26,332 


3.3 


8,943 


3.7 


11,210 


6.5 



167.391 



21,245 


3.0 


39,718 


1.8 


37,328 


1.4 


24,878 


1.7 


17,124 


3.4 


9,011 


3.1 


6,147 


6.2 


8,064 


7.8 


3,876 


13.7 



167,391 



12,966 


2.4 


28,226 


2.2 


34.448 


1.8 


25,461 


2.4 


18.156 


2.8 


9.779 


5.4 


6.573 


5.0 


8.691 


6.6 


23.091 


4.8 



167.391 



47 



TABLE E-54. — Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— training received, by type of ore mined 

Job training for last Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal A " 
2vr - " Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

1,667 7.9 5,175 15.3 6,132 9.0 2,178 25.5 15,152 6.3 

1-8 1,227 16.3 5,879 12.2 2,509 11.7 1,363 20.1 10,979 6.9 

9-15 1,132 7.1 3,230 9.0 902 13.0 381 21.6 5,644 6.9 

16 5,046 6.3 11,632 6.3 4,238 8.9 7,132 5.3 28,048 3.6 

17-40 11,535 4.2 9,985 7.1 3,759 13.5 5,685 9.8 30,965 2.9 

41-80 2,691 9.9 5,554 6.5 2,786 8.1 3,609 7.7 14,639 3.6 

81-160 924 12.4 3,522 6.6 947 9.6 1,265 13.0 6,658 4.5 

161 + 2,035 5.8 2,488 14.2 733 5.8 931 20.1 6,188 6.0 

Unspecified 7,798 3.0 20,883 7.3 11,905 7.8 8,532 7.2 49,118 3.9 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 167,391 .9 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



TABLE E-55.— Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— age, by type of ore mined 



Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 

Age, yr 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

15-20 317 15.1 1,220 7.0 722 12.3 353 28.2 2,612 6.2 

21-23 711 10.3 3,214 3.1 1,745 10.9 1,162 13.0 6,831 4.2 

24-26 1,433 6.8 4,992 4.0 2,881 7.0 2,400 6.7 11,705 2.7 

27-29 2,511 7.5 6,005 4.7 2,920 7.2 3,137 12.7 14,572 3.3 

30-34 5,564 4.9 9,988 2.7 4,514 4.4 5,424 5.5 25,490 1.5 

35-39 6,171 2.9 9,458 3.6 4,323 2.4 4,881 7.0 24,833 1.3 

40-49 9,559 2.1 15,250 2.6 6,583 4.8 6,926 5.3 38,318 1.5 

50+ 7,482 3.4 16,466 4.0 7,821 4.7 6,632 2.2 38,402 2.2 

Unspecified 308 7.6 1,754 19.0 2,404 16.2 162 40.5 4,627 8.8 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 167,391 .9 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



48 



TABLE E-56.— Metal and non metal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 
and coefficient of variation— sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 



Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 

Sex: 

Male 32,735 1.7 66,326 1.4 32,949 2.6 29,873 2.7 

Female 1,182 10.6 1,490 6.9 790 13.2 1,061 18.9 

Unspecified 136 51.9 531 25.3 174 32.2 143 48.3 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

Race: 

White 28,798 2.3 56,171 1.4 28,644 2.8 23,327 3.7 

Black 793 20.3 5,119 14.1 1,742 9.0 4,758 6.8 

Hispanic 3,469 7.1 5,353 7.1 2,448 8.7 2,439 7.6 

Other 671 8.6 1,101 15.5 456 12.4 399 11.8 

Unspecified 324 31.8 603 31.3 622 33.2 154 38.1 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1,682 14.8 6,349 8.5 2,812 11.1 2,168 9.4 

Some high school 3,650 7.2 13,068 4.0 6,030 6.9 5,155 8.0 

High school diploma 15,733 1.7 31,371 4.1 15,792 4.4 14,652 3.8 

Vocational diploma 3,243 7.3 4,520 9.7 2,171 12.8 2,563 14.2 

Some college 5,425 1.6 5,120 7.7 2,212 6.1 2,497 12.9 

College degree 3,079 8.1 2,549 3.9 879 11.2 1,596 11.3 

Unspecified 1,242 12.8 5,370 15.1 4,015 10.8 2,445 15.7 

All groupings 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 



All 



Workers CV, pet 



161,883 .9 

4,523 3.4 

984 19.6 



167,391 



136,940 

12,413 

13,708 

2.626 

1,703 



167,391 



167,391 



.9 



.9 

7.2 

2.2 

8.2 

15.3 



.9 



13,012 


4.1 


27,904 


2.5 


77,548 


1.7 


12,498 


5.5 


15,254 


2.2 


8,103 


3.9 


13,072 


6.7 



49 



APPENDIX R— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS AND 

QUESTIONNAIRE 



United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Mine Manager: 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 
this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
vidual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 



Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 



(Note: Collect calls regarding 
this survey will be accepted during 
regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 



Sincerely, 




JrrU 



Director 



Enclosure 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Employer: 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
for the raining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
mine -worker population. 

Sincerely, 



/ ' Director 





v>*76m. 



Enclosure 









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